and they will be the last to be reached or influenced by the cleansing spirit of enlightened thought. Any transformation must proceed from within. The effectual resistance to what seems to be the compulsion of modern conventions and habits can only arise from a clearer knowledge and a more complete comprehension of the falseness of these conventions and the worthlessness of these habits. In order to combat vanity, selfishness, and love of ease, not only a change of front and ideal is essential, but there must also be a supreme and sustained effort to stand up against and head back the dead weight of opinion which has gained impetus from never being checked. There must be sincere and deep-seated conviction. Without this any political or social revolution will fail. “The mightiest changes have come from religious and moral changes in men’s hearts.” The fervent devotion to the service of Mammon acts as a baneful influence working havoc and destruction in men’s lives. Instead of ignoring or excusing it, attention must be called to it loudly, repeatedly, and emphatically by all who are convinced of its dangers and wish to warn their fellows against its deadly infection. THE END FOOTNOTES [1] Johnston, _England As It Is_. [2] _The Social Horizon_, 1892. [3] _Manchester Guardian_, 29 September, 1909. [4] Public Health and Social Conditions (Cd. 4671), 1909. [5] A. Wylie, _Labour, Leisure, and Luxury_. [6] The late Duke of Argyll. [7] _Ruff’s Guide._ [8] _Hunt’s List._ [9] Turgenief. [10] Mr. Pretyman, House of Commons, 1909. [11] Lord Lansdowne, House of Lords, 14 August, 1907. [12] Price Collier, _England and the English_. [13] J. A. Hobson, _Imperialism_. [14] William Cobbett, _Advice to Young Men_. [15] E. Gosse, _Father and Son_. [16] Price Collier, _England and the English_. [17] P. G. Hamerton, _Human Intercourse_. [18] J. A. Hobson, _The Industrial System_. [19] Miss Llewellyn Davies, letter to the Press, 1907. [20] Rowntree’s _Poverty_. [21] Booth’s _Life and Labour of the People_, Vol. II. [22] Butlers and chefs could be quoted with wages of £250 and £300. [23] _West Ham: a Study in Social and Industrial Problems._ [24] Rowntree’s _Poverty_. [25] Rowntree’s _Poverty_. [26] _West Ham_, pp. 270–6. [27] Booth, Vol. I. [28] Rowntree’s _Poverty_. [29] Odd shillings omitted. [30] Mr. J. A. Macdonald, _Toronto Globe_, September, 1909. [31] John Galsworthy’s _A Commentary_. [32] _Social Contract_, II. 11. [33] Sermon at Barrow-in-Furness, Oct., 1906. [34] Arnold Toynbee. Transcriber’s Notes Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed. Simple typographical errors were corrected. Page 159: The quotation from John Galsworth (“Yours is the three hundredth carriage...”) is missing some text, and in other ways is not a faithful reproduction of the original.