It will now be apparent that Kray had taken up a position too far
to the front; and that, by so doing, he had allowed the French to
take advantage of the angular base of operations formed by northern
Switzerland and eastern France. "Although Kray showed himself
superior to Moreau," says Colonel Macdougall, "his faults were
serious. He disseminated his army along the line of the Rhine in too
forward a position, since his rear was exposed to attack by a French
force operating from Schaffhausen. He established his magazines at
Stokach, Engen, and Mosskirch, close to a part of the French base. If
Switzerland had been friendly or neutral, his magazines in those places
would have been well placed, since they would in that case have been
covered by the defiles of the Black Forest; as it was, they were quite
at the advanced posts."
Moreau's plan of campaign did not differ greatly from that of
Bonaparte. In fact, both he and the First Consul aimed to concentrate
the French in force between Schaffhausen and Lake Constance. In order
to effect the concentration, however, Moreau purposed to cross the
Rhine at four points, then by a series of complicated manoeuvres to
unite the bulk of his forces in the vicinity of Schaffhausen. On the
other hand, Bonaparte's plan was to assemble the French corps on the
south side of the Rhine opposite Schaffhausen, to cross the river in
force near that place, and thence proceed against Kray. In an able and
interesting discussion of these two plans, General Hamley says:--
"The plans of campaign of Napoleon and of Moreau had this in
common, that both aimed at the communications of the Austrians by
an advance from the extreme point of the angular base; but in the
mode of effecting the common object they differed materially, and
the difference was the result of the individual characters of the
projectors. When Napoleon's glance was once fixed on the point where
decisive success lay, the obstacles in his way lost, in his mind,
much of their importance, and were viewed merely as difficult steps
to his object. Hence, though he neglected no provision nor precaution
which prudence and experience could suggest for overcoming them, yet
he never allowed them to assume an importance sufficient to deprive
his plan of campaign of its fullest significance. Disregarding,
therefore, the fact that he must throw his army entire at one point
across a great river which was observed by the enemy, he looked only
to the great results that must flow from the advance of that army,
concentrated, upon the vital point of an enemy whose forces would
still be in greater or less degree dispersed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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