[511] _ib._ Vol. III. p. 468. [512] _ib._ Vol. III. pp. 74, 470. [513] _Arch. Hist._ Vol. I. p. 113. [514] See the set of views of French Religious Houses called _Le Monasticon Gallicanum_, 4to. Paris, 1882. The plates were drawn by Dom Germain 1645-1694. [515] See above, pp. 106, 114. [516] Jadart, _Les Anciennes Bibliotheques de Reims_, 8vo. Reims, 1891, p. 14. [517] Franklin, _Anc. Bibl. de Paris_, Vol. I. pp. 71-99. He gives a view of the interior of the library from a print dated 1773. [518] See above, p. 114. [519] Franklin, _ut supra_, I. pp. 107-134. [520] I visited Monte Cassino 13 April, 1898. CHAPTER IX. PRIVATE LIBRARIES. ABBAT SIMON AND HIS BOOK-CHEST. LIBRARY OF CHARLES V. OF FRANCE. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THIS LIBRARY FROM ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS. BOOK-LECTERN USED IN PRIVATE HOUSES. BOOK-DESKS REVOLVING ROUND A CENTRAL SCREW. DESKS ATTACHED TO CHAIRS. WALL-CUPBOARDS. A SCHOLAR'S ROOM IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. STUDY OF THE DUKE OF URBINO. LIBRARY OF MONTAIGNE. LIBRARY OF MARGARET OF AUSTRIA. CONCLUSION. In the previous chapters I have sketched the history of library-fittings from the earliest times to the end of the eighteenth century. The libraries to which these fittings belonged were, for the most part, public, or as good as public. But, as in history we have recognised the important fact that a record of battles and sieges and enactments in Parliament gives an imperfect conception of the life of a people, so I should feel that this archeological subject had been insufficiently treated if I made no attempt to shew how private scholars disposed their books, or with what appliances they used them. For instance, in what sort of chair was the author of the _Philobiblon_ sitting when he wrote the last words of his treatise, 24 January, 1345, and how was his study in his palace at Auckland furnished? Further, how were private students bestowed in the fifteenth century, when a love of letters had become general? Lastly, how were libraries fitted up for private use in the succeeding century, when the great people of the earth, like the wealthy Romans of imperial times, added the pursuit of literature to their other fashions, and considered a library to be indispensable in their luxurious palaces?