═══════════════════════╤═══════╤═══════╤═════════════╤═════════════════ LITERACY OF FOREIGN │ Total │ Live │STILLBIRTHS. │ DEATHS DURING MOTHERS. │births.│births.│ │ FIRST YEAR. ───────────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┬─────┼───────┬───────── │ │ │ │ Per │ │ Infant │ │ │Number.│cent.│Number.│mortality │ │ │ │ │ │ rate. ───────────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────┼───────┼───────── Foreign mothers │ 691│ 648│ 43│ 6.2│ 111│ 171.3 ═══════════════════════╪═══════╪═══════╪═══════╪═════╪═══════╪═════════ Literate │ 445│ 419│ 26│ 5.8│ 62│ 148.0 Illiterate │ 246│ 229│ 17│ 6.9│ 49│ 214.0 ───────────────────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴─────┴───────┴───────── ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH The next table shows that babies whose mothers can not speak English were characterized by a more unfavorable infant mortality rate than other babies. TABLE 14.—DISTRIBUTION OF BIRTHS AND OF DEATHS DURING FIRST YEAR, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, AND NUMBER AND PER CENT OF STILLBIRTHS, ACCORDING TO ABILITY OF FOREIGN MOTHER TO SPEAK ENGLISH. ═══════════════════════╤═══════╤═══════╤═════════════╤═════════════════ ABILITY TO SPEAK │ Total │ Live │STILLBIRTHS. │ DEATHS DURING ENGLISH. │births.│births.│ │ FIRST YEAR. ───────────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┬─────┼───────┬───────── │ │ │ │ Per │ │ Infant │ │ │Number.│cent.│Number.│mortality │ │ │ │ │ │ rate. ───────────────────────┼───────┼───────┼───────┼─────┼───────┼───────── Foreign mothers │ 691│ 648│ 43│ 6.2│ 111│ 171.3 ═══════════════════════╪═══════╪═══════╪═══════╪═════╪═══════╪═════════ Speak English │ 263│ 247│ 16│ 6.1│ 36│ 145.7 Can not speak English │ 428│ 401│ 27│ 6.3│ 75│ 187.0 ───────────────────────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴─────┴───────┴───────── YEARS IN THE UNITED STATES In addition to a consideration of the babies according to their mothers’ ability to speak English, it is of interest to note the infant mortality rates among babies whose mothers have been in this country for different periods of time. The high infant mortality rate for the children of newer immigrants, illiterates, and those who can not speak English is perhaps affected by the fact that they are at the same time generally of the poorest families and are housed in the most insanitary and unhealthful part of the city. AGE