The Catacombs of Rome, and Their Testimony Relative to Primitive ChristianityWithrow, W. H. (William Henry)
History
The Catacombs of Rome, and Their Testimony Relative to Primitive Christianity
Withrow, W. H. (William Henry)
Catacombs -- Italy -- Rome; Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600
Other definite areas of this Catacomb have been recognized and their
outlines defined. Indeed, Father Marchi asserts that this is “the
colossal region of _Roma Sotterranea_, all the rest being only small
or middling provinces.”[311] About a hundred yards from the “Papal
Crypt” is the tomb of another celebrated martyr and bishop, St.
Eusebius; the _graffiti_ on the walls, the stairway, and the
decorations of which attest the reverence in which it was held. While
digging here in 1856, De Rossi found the important epitaph of Eusebius
before given.[312]
Intimately connected with this are also the adjacent cemeteries of St.
Soteris, a virgin martyr of the same family from which Ambrose was
descended; and that of St. Balbina, of vast extent, in several
_piani_, and on a scale of unusual grandeur. These are as yet only
partially explored, and promise the richest results to future
examination. That of St. Balbina has many double, and even quadruple,
_cubicula_, and the largest and most regular group of subterranean
chambers that have yet been discovered, all lighted by one large
hexagonal shaft. They were evidently excavated for worship, not for
sepulture. This Catacomb was enlarged and beautified by Mark, bishop
of Rome, in A. D. 330, who was buried in a basilica erected over these
tombs.
These several areas were at first all distinct properties, and as
carefully restricted within their respective limits as would be 183
buildings above ground. When, however, the sepulchres of the
Christians, no longer protected by law, were invaded by the
persecutors, the different areas were connected by a vast and
bewildering labyrinth of cross passages for the purpose of
facilitating escape and of furnishing additional space for interment.
As the areas, even when contiguous, were often at different levels, a
good deal of ingenuity was exercised by the fossors in effecting a
junction of the different galleries; though often they had to break
through _loculi_ and _cubicula_ for that purpose. Thus the area we
have described so fully is five feet lower than that which is adjacent
on one side, which enables us to determine its exact limit.
We will now take a more rapid survey of the other principal Catacombs
of Rome.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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