------+----+-------------------------+--------------------------------- 1. |1178| Magister Benedetto da | Pulpit of Parma cathedral | | Antelamo | (1178). Baptistery of Parma | | | (1196). 2 & 3.|1181| M. Martino and M. Otto | | | Bono | 4. |1256| M. Giorgio da Iesi | Fermo cathedral (1227). Iesi | | | (1237). Parma (1256). 5. |1280| M. Giovanni Bono da } | Chief architect at Padua (1246), | | Bissone } | at Parma (1280). 6. | | M. Guido } | Worked with Giovanni Bono at | | } | Padua and Pistoja. 7. | | M. Niccolao, son of } | | | Giovanni } | This group forms the link with 8. | | M. Bernardino } | Pistoja and the Tuscan 9. | | M. Johannes Benvenuti } | schools. ------+----+-------------------------+--------------------------------- PADUA ------+----+-------------------------+-------------------------------- 1. | | Magister Graci | Employed. 2. |1263| M. Egidio, son of M. } | | | Graci } | 3. | | M. Ubertino, son of } | | | Lanfranco } | All worked together at the 4. | | M. Nicola, son of } | church of St. Anthony. | | Giovanni } | 5. | | M. Pergandi, son of } | | | Ugone of Mantua } | | | | 6. | |{ M. Zambono, or } | | |{ Giovanni } | Father of M. Nicola. These |1264|{ Bono da Bissone, near} | two form the link with Parma. | |{ Como } | 7. |1264| M. Benedetto da Verona | Worked at Padua with Zambono. | | | At Verona he is | | | styled Benedetto da Antelamo. | | | Probably a descendant | | | of the one at Parma. ------+----+-------------------------+-------------------------------- The rise of the Romanesque is the stepping-stone to the Renaissance of Art in Italy. We need not enter at length into all the vexed questions of how this Renaissance began, and which school was the link between that and classic art, but a slight glance must be given to the subject. Some make everything begin from Niccolò Pisano, as though he suddenly sprang ancestorless out of the darkness, a full-fledged artist. Some date the rise of art from the Byzantines in Aquileja and Venice; others again from the union of the Normans with the Saracens in Sicily.