The Cathedrals of Southern FranceMansfield, M. F. (Milburg Francisco)
History
The Cathedrals of Southern France
Mansfield, M. F. (Milburg Francisco)
Cathedrals -- France; France -- Description and travel
With the reign of Henri II., the change to the Italian style was
complete, and its place, such as it was, definitely assured. French
writers, it may be observed, at least those of a former generation and
before, often carry the reference to the _style de la Renaissance_ to a
much later period, even including the neo-classical atrocities of the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
_Bizarre_ or _baroque_ details, or the _style perruque_, had little
place on French soil, and the later exaggerations of the _rococo_, the
styles _Pompadour_ and _Dubarri_, had little if anything to do with
church-building, and are relevant merely insomuch as they indicate the
mannerisms of a period when great churches, if they were built at all,
were constructed with somewhat of a leaning toward their baseness, if
not actually favouring their eccentricities.
V
[Illustration: _Neo-Basilica-IX Cent._
_Lombard Cruciform XI Century_
_The Romanesque Of Southern France in the XI Century_
_Norman Cruciform Plan XI Century_
_Leading forms of early cathedral constructions_]
VI
_The disposition of the parts of a tenth-century church, as defined by
Viollet-le-Duc_
Of this class are many monastic churches, as will be evinced by the
inclusion of a cloister in the diagram plan. Many of these were
subsequently made use of, as the church and the cloisters, where they
had not suffered the stress of time, were of course retained. St.
Bertrand de Comminges is a notable example among the smaller structures.
In the basilica form of ground-plan, which obtained to a modified
extent, the transepts were often lacking, or at least only suggested.
Subsequently they were added in many cases, but the tenth-century church
_pur sang_ was mainly a parallelogram-like structure, with, of course,
an apsidal termination.
[Illustration: _Plan X Century Church_]
A The choir
B The _exedra_, meaning literally a niche or throne--in this instance
for the occupancy of the bishop, abbot, or prior--apart
from the main edifice
C The high-altar
D Secondary or specially dedicated altars
E The transepts, which in later centuries expanded and lengthened
G The nave proper, down which was reserved a free passage
separating the men from the women
H The aisles
I The portico or porch which precedes the nave (_i. e._, the
narthen of the primitive basilica), where the pilgrims who
were temporarily forbidden to enter were allowed to wait
K A separate portal or doorway to cloisters
L The cloister
M The towers; often placed at the junction of transept and nave,
instead of the later position, flanking the west façade
N The baptismal font; usually in the central nave, but often in
the aisle
O Entrance to the crypt or confessional, where were usually preserved
the _reliques_ of the saint to whom the church was erected
P The tribune, in a later day often surrounded by a screen or _jubé_
VII
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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