We shall now proceed to make good our allegations against the _New Englander_. 1st. The _New Englander_ makes a comparison of the provinces of Catholic and Protestant countries, prefaced by the following introduction: "The author of _Evenings with the Romanists_, writing in 1854, gave the names and official returns of ten principal cities of Protestant Prussia and of ten principal cities of Roman Catholic Austria.... THE CATHOLIC WORLD admits the statements, ... and claims, with that air of injured innocence, which is so favorite a weapon in Romish polemics, that, if the returns of the provinces were brought into the account, they would more than redress the balance of the cities. We proceed to put his proposition to experiment." Would our readers credit it, that he has done nothing of the kind? He has not compared the Protestant and Catholic provinces of Protestant Prussia and Roman Catholic Austria, between which, and which alone, the parallel comparison of cities was made; but substituted another comparison, entirely his own, introducing provinces belonging to other countries to weigh down the Catholic scale, and excluding half the Catholic provinces of Austria for the same purpose. This we will show to a demonstration. Here is the table of the _New Englander_: _Illegitimacy in German Provinces._ PROTESTANT. PR. CT. ROMAN CATHOLIC. PR. CT. Brandenburg 12 Austria (Upper and Lower) 29.3 Hanover 9.6 Bohemia 16.3 Pomerania 10 Baden 16.2 Prussia 6.7 Bavaria 22.5 Saxony 15.9 Carinthia 11.7 Würtemberg 16.4 Carniola 45 Moravia 15.1 Posen 6.8 Rhineland 3.4 Salzburg 29.6 Styria 30.6 Trieste, Gorz, etc. 9.9 Tyrol and Vorarlberg 6 ---- ---- Average 11.7 Average 18.6 We repeat, the question as put by the _New Englander_ itself is not about _German_ provinces, but of the Protestant and Roman Catholic provinces of Prussia and Austria. Moreover, the table as it stands is grossly untrue. The rate of illegitimacy of the province of Prussia is 9 instead of 6.7, which materially alters the general average. The averages of the table are falsely given as, Protestant 11.7 Catholic 18.6 The true averages found by balancing the populations and the rates, according to the rules of arithmetic, are: Protestant 12 Catholic 16.9