The Catholic World, Vol. 19, April 1874‐September 1874Various
Religion
The Catholic World, Vol. 19, April 1874‐September 1874
Various
Catholic Church -- Periodicals
We have further to remark that the act and the term, even when they are
complete physical entities, in their manner of principiating the compound
nature always behave towards one another as incomplete entities, inasmuch
as their principiation is always of a metaphysical, and never of a
physical, character. To speak first of those compound essences whose form
is _composition_, we observe that the physical components of such essences
are indeed _in act_, absolutely speaking, but, with regard to the
composition, they are simply _in potency_: and since it is in this last
capacity that they enter into the constitution of the compound nature, it
is evident that they contribute to its constitution only inasmuch as they
have a claim to further actuation. For to be potential respecting any kind
of composition means not only that the parts _might_ be duly disposed to
undergo such a composition, but moreover that they are already disposed
and related to each other in that manner which _imperatively calls_ for
such a composition. Consequently, the components, when thus disposed,
constitute a potency which needs actuation, and stands, with respect to
the form of composition, in the same relation in which any term stands
with respect to its essential act. It is, therefore, manifest that the
said components, though they are physical entities, behave as metaphysical
principles in their material principiation of a compound essence. As for
the composition itself, we have already seen that it is always a
metaphysical constituent.
In the same manner, the soul and the body are indeed physical beings,
absolutely speaking, and, therefore, independent of one another so far as
their existence is concerned; but the body is informed and vivified, not
inasmuch as it exists in its absolute actuality, but inasmuch as it is
potential respecting animal life—that is, inasmuch as its organic
composition imperatively claims a soul. And similarly the soul is a
vivifying form, not inasmuch as it is something absolute in nature, but
inasmuch as it naturally requires completion in the body for which it is
created and to which it is actually terminated. It therefore appears that
the soul and the body, in their principiation of the animal, behave
towards one another as metaphysical principles.
Hence all composition of act and potency is, properly speaking, a
_metaphysical_ composition; though, when the compound is resolvable into
physical parts, the same composition may also, from the physical nature of
the components, be rightly styled _physical_. The difference between a
metaphysical and a physical compound does not, therefore, consist in the
character of the composition itself, which is always metaphysical, but in
this: that the latter can be resolved into physical parts which may and
will exist after their separation, whereas the former can be resolved only
into metaphysical constituents which are utterly incapable of separate
existence.
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