of settling differences with employers which ought to be avoided by all practicable means, and resorted to only in the most extreme cases—an opinion afterwards embodied in a resolution which was adopted by the Congress. The principle of arbitration has already been tried successfully in several important instances. Dr. Young illustrates the rates of wages in the United Kingdom by tables. He accompanies the tables with the explanation that “in a very large number of occupations the hands are paid by the piece or by weight, and the actual rate of wages would not indicate the sum an operative would take home with him at the end of the week as the price of his labor. The sums stated in all these tables are therefore the average sums earned per week, whether the labor be paid by the day or the piece.” The same explanation holds good for the United States. Of these tabular statements our space will only permit us to give two or three, to which we shall subjoin the rates of wages in the United States in the same occupations by way of comparison. The British pound sterling is computed at $4 84, and the shilling at 24 cents. WAGES IN COTTON-MILLS. The reduction in the hours of labor and the increase in the rates of wages in English cotton-mills are shown in the following table: _Statement showing the average weekly earnings of operatives in cotton-mills during the years 1839, 1849, 1859, and 1873._ -----------------------+--------------------+-------------+------------- | | WORK OF | WORK OF | | 69 HOURS. | 60 HOURS. OCCUPATION. | SEX. +------+------+------+------ | | 1839.| 1849.| 1859.| 1873. -----------------------+--------------------+------+------+------+------ Steam-engine tenders, | |$5 76 |$5 72 |$7 20 |$7 68 Warehousemen, | | 4 32 | 4 80 | 5 28 | 6 24 Carding: | | | | | Stretchers, |Women and girls, | 1 68 | 1 80 | 1 92 | 2 88 Strippers, |Young men, | 2 64 | 2 88 | 3 36 | 4 56 Overlookers, | | 6 00 | 6 72 | 6 72 | 7 68 Spinning: | | | | | Winders on | | 3 84 | 4 32 | 4 80 | 6 00 self-acting mules, | | | | | Piecers, |Women and young men,| 1 94 | 2 16 | 2 40 | 3 84 Overlookers, | | 4 80 | 5 28 | 6 24 | 7 20 Reeling: | | | | | Throttle-rulers, |Women, | 2 16 | 2 28 | 2 28 | 3 00 Warpers, | | 5 28 | 5 28 | 5 52 | 6 24 Sizers, | | 5 52 | 5 52 | 6 00 | 7 20