The Lisbon Index of 1624 not only confirmed the prohibition of Bibles and parts of the Bible, but added a new restriction in forbidding the use in works of general literature (printed in the vernacular) of any extracts from the Scriptures. This order called for the cancellation, for instance, in the _Shepherds of Bethlehem_ of Lope de Vega, of the poet’s versions of the _Magnificat_, the _Benedictus_, the _Nunc Dimittis_, and the _Miserere_. In Italy, previous to 1560, a number of translations of the Scriptures had been issued, but after the prohibitions of Paul IV and of the Index of Trent, we find record of Italian versions only of the Psalms and a few other portions, and these could be read only with a formal permission. In 1596, Clement VIII authorised the publication, by the Order of Jesus, of an edition in the vernacular of the portions of the Gospels selected for reading on Sundays and Saints’ days. It would appear, however, as if north of the Alps, this proscription of the Scriptures in the vernacular failed to secure any general enforcement, as during the 16th and 17th centuries a large series of editions of the Scriptures and of the New Testament were brought into print from Catholic translations, in French, German, Bohemian, Hungarian, and Polish. The Jesuit Serarius, writing in 1612, complains that “any one in Germany can read the Bibles of Eck or Dietenberger, and in place of being reprimanded and punished by their bishops and confessors, the delinquents are likely to be commended and honoured.” V. Sixtus orders further that the name of the heretical publisher of the work must be cancelled and that of the “Expurgator” must be specified. Benedict directs that dictionaries, thesauri, and similar works compiled by heretics, “like the publications of the Stephani, Scapula, J. J. Hofmann, etc.,” must, before being “permitted,” be thoroughly “expurgated” of all material which may be antagonistic to the Catholic faith. VI. Sixtus directs that books written in the vernacular which combat the doctrines of the Jews and Mohammedans, shall be read only under authorisation of the Inquisition. In Germany, the prohibition against the reading of controversial books printed in the vernacular secured very little obedience and such books came, during the 16th century, into very wide circulation. VII. In the Index of Paul, there is recorded under this heading a group of Priapean literature connected (erroneously) with the name of Virgil. The only other classic author condemned as obscene is Lucian. In the Lisbon Index of 1624, it is specified that the Epigrams of Martial can be permitted only after expurgation, or in the text edited by the Jesuits Fusius, Radius, and Augerius. Ovid’s erotic poems are permitted “for private reading,” but for students only the _Epistolae Selectae_ as edited at Tournay, 1615. Sixtus prohibits also obscene pictures and collections of music containing amatory songs.