The censorship of the Church of Rome and its influence upon the production and distribution of literature, volume 1 (of 2)Putnam, George Haven
History
The censorship of the Church of Rome and its influence upon the production and distribution of literature, volume 1 (of 2)
Putnam, George Haven
Freedom of the press; Liberty of conscience; Prohibited books
Montanus remarks naïvely in his introduction that many of the pious
authors of the expurgated books, who had died and who in the future
world had come to know the truth, would, if they could return to earth,
be very ready to be thankful to their censors. Especially would this be
true of those writers whose works as originally issued had been without
blemish, but the later editions of which had called for censorship to
eliminate pernicious notes and commentaries. Living authors might in
like manner have cause for gratitude to the censors, who had through
their labours rendered valuable and available books which otherwise it
would have been necessary to suppress; and, adds Montanus, certain
authors had written to express their appreciation of the service.
The larger part of the work of preparing the expurgated text came
upon the theological faculty of Louvain. In May, 1570, for instance,
the Louvain divines took up the task of correcting the notes and
comments of Erasmus on Irenaeus, Jerome, and Augustine. Their report
was presented in November of the same year. Later in the year, they
were engaged upon the complete works of Erasmus, a more serious
undertaking. The list of expurgations for Erasmus covers twenty-three
pages. Among the divines who took part in this work was Henry Boxhorn
who afterwards became a Protestant. The writings of Reuchlin and
Bertram were confided to the faculty of Douai. The latter gave special
trouble to the expurgators in connection with his book, _De Corpore
et Sanguine Domini_, which called for a full measure of analysis
and elimination. The critique upon this book takes the ground that,
“It was in order,” in judging of the ancient Catholics, “to bear
with many errors, to extenuate, excuse, and even by some ingenious
device to deny” (what the old author has affirmed) “and to fabricate a
convenient interpretation for any statements which could be objected
to in controversy as unsound.” Reusch speaks of the convenient form in
which the expurgated texts were presented by these Antwerp editors, who
in a number of cases printed in full (properly indicated by the type)
the sentences which were to be cancelled, while the Spanish editions
give of these sentences only the first and last words. A copy of the
Antwerp Index was submitted in due course by Duke Alva to the Pope,
Pius V. Montanus writes from Rome, in November, 1571, that the work
was not favourably received by the authorities, who inclined to the
opinion that the Antwerp editors had taken undue liberties with the
classification and conclusions arrived at by the Fathers of Trent.[163]
In 1572, Gregory XIII, in instructing the Congregation of the Index to
prepare a new Index, recalled any authorisations previously given to
faculties or other bodies for the expurgation of books. As a result,
the Index of Antwerp remains, excepting those prepared in Spain, and
the single one of the kind issued in Rome, the only expurgatory Index
in the series.
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