In Classes II and III, Clement has omitted (in the list as finally revised) a number of astrological works which had been included by Sixtus, a series of Italian poets and novelists, and a group of Spanish titles taken from Quiroga. The few additions to Class II contain few names of present note. Franciscus Patritius Nova, who held the chair of philosophy at Ferrara, had in his lectures on the philosophy of Plato given to Bellarmin and others ground for criticism. Franciscus had, in a letter to Gregory XIV, strongly recommended that the philosophical teachings of Aristotle should be excluded from all the schools of Christendom, and that the Church should give its approval to the doctrines of Plato (as interpreted in his own lectures). The _Apologia_ of Davila, printed in Madrid in 1591, is the first work of the Spanish Regalists (defenders of the authority of the State) to find place in the Roman Index. Through the 17th century, the list of the Spanish treatises of this school condemned by the Roman authorities is a long one. In Class III, have been added a number of treatises from the Low Countries, from Germany, and from France, bearing on the relations of Church and State. The list includes a _Gratulatio_ from Switzerland to France for the accession of the most Christian King of France and of Navarre, Henry IV. The “Instruction” of Clement, which is included as an appendix to the Rules of Trent, includes the following provisions: [Sidenote: (I) Concerning the Prohibition of Books] (1) All bishops and inquisitors are instructed to give orders that, under heavy penalties for disobedience, their people must within a limited period make delivery of all copies of the books condemned. (2) The bishops and inquisitors (in Rome the _Magister S. Palatii_) are authorised to give permission to men of assured holiness and scholarship to retain, for a period not exceeding three years, copies of the forbidden books. They bind themselves to report to the authorities, in the books which are permitted _donec corrigatur_, such passages as they may find to be heretical. (3) Outside of Italy, the responsibility for the distribution of the lists of heretical and immoral books rests with the bishops, the inquisitors, and the universities. The instructions to the people in regard to the reading or possession of such books are to be given by the bishops and inquisitors. This instruction was for a time interpreted as an authority given by the pope for the preparation of local Indexes. In 1621, however, the Index Congregation issued an order prohibiting the further production of any such local lists, or the further circulation of the lists already in print. (4) The nuncios and legates in foreign lands, and in Italy the bishops and inquisitors, are to submit annually to the Curia or to the Index Congregation lists of the books published in their respective territories, which in their judgment call for expurgation or are deserving of condemnation.