_Pascal and Arnauld concerning the Morality of the Jesuits._ The famous _Letters_ of Pascal, which were issued in 1656 without the name of the author, were promptly prohibited by the Inquisition in 1657. The title of the book has been continued in later Indexes in the class of anonymous writings. Certain defences of their doctrines against the assaults of Pascal published by the Jesuits, were themselves prohibited. The most noteworthy of this group of Jesuit replies were the treatises by Pirot and Daniel. A Latin edition of the Pascal _Letters_, published a year or two later under the name of Wendrockius, was not prohibited, while a reply to the same, published under the name of Stubockius, was placed on the Index. The essay by Arnauld, printed in 1643 under the title of _Théologie Morale du Jesuit_, can be considered as a precursor of the Pascal _Letters_. In 1669 and 1683, were printed the first two volumes of a work entitled _Le Morale pratique des Jesuits_, which was written by the Abbé de Pont Château. During the years 1689–1695, five additional volumes were issued under the same title, which were the work of Arnauld. The first two were prohibited but the last five escaped condemnation. In 1700, was prohibited the _Teatro Jesuitico_, a monograph written against the Jesuits by Le Tellier, which had been published forty-six years earlier. One matter which receives in these volumes of Arnauld a large measure of attention, the contest between the Jesuits and Bishop Palafox, was the subject during both the 17th and 18th centuries of a large amount of controversial writing, and plays an important part in the Spanish Index. A decree in the Roman Index of 1656 orders eliminated from one volume of the Lyons edition of the Bellarmin six pages which give the Jesuitical view of the decision presented in the brief of Innocent X concerning this matter of Palafox. Palafox, who was a Dominican, had been a bishop in Mexico, but in 1653, became Bishop of Osma where he died in 1659. It was in Osma that he came into issue with the Spanish Jesuits and, in 1649, he presented to Innocent X a formidable brief or complaint against Jesuit theory and practice. In 1648, the Pope gave a decision in favour of the Bishop.