The heads of convents and Church libraries are cautioned to cleanse their collections from the books which have been condemned under the previous prohibitory Index, and to replace these books with the works now recommended by the authority of the Church. In the second issue of this recommendation catalogue are presented, curiously enough, the titles of certain works which had been prohibited in the Index of Trent. Examples of these are the writings of Bohemus, J. P., of Geiler Kaisersperg, Conrad Klingius, Jo. Ferus, F. Guicciardinus.[36] Between the years 1606 and 1619, there came into annual publication in Mayence, as a result apparently of the recommendation of Peter Canisius, the energetic head of the Jesuits in Germany, a catalogue, prepared more particularly for the use of booksellers in Catholic countries, of books recommended for the reading of the faithful. This annual catalogue bore the following titles: _Index novus librorum imprimis Catholicorum, theologorum, aliorumque celebrium auctorum quarumcunque facultatum et linguarum, causas religionis tamen non tractantium ... pro Italia ceterisque nationibus confectus_. On the back of the title-page of the issue for 1606, is presented a preface bearing the signature Valentinus Leuchtius. _S. Sedis Apost. librorum revisor, imp. Rodolphi II_, etc. In this preface, the reviser undertakes to lay down the principle for the elimination of pernicious literature and for the selection of books of wholesome doctrine and sound influence. The above series describes the few fragmentary efforts made in any formal fashion by the Church authorities during the centuries of censorship to guide with any positive advice the reading of the faithful. The dependence for counsel in regard to the books to be read seems to have been left to the individual action of the confessors or other ecclesiastical advisers. CHAPTER VI ISSUES BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE 1559–1870 1. Venice and the Papacy 1606–1696. 2. Spain and the Papacy 1559–1770. 3. Controversies concerning the Gallican Church 1600–1758. 4. Ecclesiastical-Political Contests 1700–1750. 5. England and the Papacy 1606–1853. 6. The Gallicans and the Liberal Catholics 1845–1870.