The Ceramic Art: A Compendium of The History and Manufacture of Pottery and PorcelainYoung, Jennie J.
History
The Ceramic Art: A Compendium of The History and Manufacture of Pottery and Porcelain
Young, Jennie J.
Pottery -- History
The _hyrche_ is not very well known, either in regard to its shape or
purpose, but appears to have had a narrow neck, and to have been used in
conveying goods a long distance. Its narrow neck is a tolerably sure
indication that it was not intended to be stationary.
The _lagynos_ also appears to have had a very narrow neck, and to have
been of considerable size, varying according to circumstances.
[Illustration: Fig. 172.--Greek Rhyton.]
The _askos_ (Fig. 170), literally a wineskin, which it resembled in
shape, had an aperture and neck on one side, from which a handle passed
over a hollow on the body to the other side. Both the _askos_ and
_stamnos_ are frequently painted with red figures.
[Illustration: Fig. 173.--Krater, with Volute Handles.]
The _amphora_, already described in the form it commonly took, may be
called a general receptacle, although usually employed for holding
provisions and liquors. There were many different shapes, which varied
according to the district where made, and the special purpose for which
they were destined. The chief kinds are the Egyptian, Apulian,
Tyrrhenian, Panathenaic, Bacchic (Fig. 186), and Nolan, the last
mentioned being the most perfectly finished, and unexcelled in
gracefulness of shape. They were decorated with either red or black
paintings.
The _kados_ is the first of the vessels for drawing liquids, of which
class the _hydria_ (Fig. 188) is the best known. Its name implies its
purpose as a water-pitcher. It had two small side handles, and one
larger one, somewhat similar to that of the modern ewer. The _kalpis_
(Fig. 187) and krossos were modifications of the hydria.
The _kothon_ (Fig. 171) is supposed to have been a drinking-cup.
[Illustration: Fig. 174.--Krater.]
The _rhyton_ (Fig. 172) belongs to the later style of drinking-cups, and
its peculiarity is that it could not be set down except when empty. The
base is modelled after the head of a dog, goat, deer, or other animal,
and the neck or cup proper is either cylindrical or elongated and
sloped.
The _lekythos_ (Fig. 305) was an oil-jar of an elongated shape, neck in
proportion, cup-like orifice, and one handle. It is decorated in all the
styles of Grecian art, and is generally about one foot in height. It was
sometimes made of metal or marble.
[Illustration: Fig. 175.--Holmos.]
The _alabastros_ was a diminutive lekythos, used for toilet unguents,
with two small ears by which to suspend it.
[Illustration: Fig. 176.--Kelebe.]
The _krater_ (Figs. 173 and 174) was the vessel in which the Greeks
cooled and mixed their wine, of which it would hold about three gallons.
It is the later form of a class of vessels of which the _holmos_ (Fig.
175), _kelebe_ (Fig. 176), and _oxybaphon_ (Fig. 177) are the earlier
representatives.
[Illustration: Fig. 177.--Oxybaphon.]
The _psykter_, or wine-cooler, was a double-walled vessel of the amphora
type, rotund in shape.
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