51. Q. What was the geographical position of Macedonia before its enlargement through the conquests of Philip? A. It was an exclusively inland country lying between two mountain ranges on the north side of the great Kambunian chain. 52. Q. What is said of the language of the Macedonians? A. It was widely different from that of the Thracians on the east and the Illyrians on the west, and was so nearly akin to the Hellenic that the latter tongue was easily acquired by them. 53. Q. In the earliest times how were the inhabitants of Macedonia divided? A. Into a variety of independent tribes, each of which had its own king or chieftain. 54. Q. According to tradition who were the real founders of the greatness of Macedonia? A. Fugitives from Hellas, belonging to the royal Herakleid line of Argos, who are supposed to have arrived in the country during the seventh century before Christ. 55. Q. Who was the first Macedonian sovereign of real historic importance? A. Amyntas. 56. Q. Mention three other sovereigns of Macedonia before Philip. A. Alexander, Perdikkas, and Archelaus. 57. Q. Who was the father of Philip? A. Amyntas II. 58. Q. What mode of life did the immediate predecessors of Philip seek as much as possible to approach? A. The Attic mode of life. 59. Q. What is said in regard to King Archelaus? A. That he introduced many social improvements after Hellenic models, and was much attached to the youthful Plato and his teacher Sokrates. 60. Q. At the age of fifteen where was Philip taken as a hostage? A. To Thebes. 61. Q. How long did he remain there? A. Three years. 62. Q. Though a hostage how was he welcomed? A. He was honorably and cordially welcomed, received a scientific and oratorical training, and studied philosophy. 63. Q. Almost from the beginning of his reign what income did Philip receive from the gold-producing regions of Mount Pangæus? A. According to Diodorus a yearly income of one thousand talents. 64. Q. How did this income compare with that received by the Athenians and the Spartans? A. It was greater than that which the Athenians and the Spartans obtained in the very acme of their power. 65. Q. What steps did Philip take to make his army more efficient? A. He reorganized the army and effected a complete transformation in their armament and accomplishments. 66. Q. What was the most formidable part of the army as organized by Philip? A. The Macedonian phalanx. 67. Q. What was the principal weapon of the soldiers serving in the phalanx? A. A long pike called the sarissa, twenty-one feet in length. 68. Q. After his return from Corinth in 337 B. C. what did Philip do in regard to the invasion of Asia? A. He made so many preparations for his intended expedition into Asia that he exhausted his accumulated treasures.