3. “Cardinal Manning.” (1808-⸺.) An English Roman Catholic cardinal, the author of several works. He is the son of the late William Manning, member of Parliament, and governor of the Bank of England. He was educated at Oxford, as a member of the Church of England. In 1857 he joined the Catholics, and was ordained priest. In 1865 he was nominated by the pope Archbishop of Westminster, and in 1875 he was made cardinal, an office next in rank to that of pope. He is one of the most prominent men in London, and the leading representative of the Roman Catholic Church in England. 4. “Thugs.” A set of robbers and assassins who lived in India, and worshiped the goddess Kali. They roamed over the country in bands, and put to death by strangulation any traveler whom they met. The British government has exterminated them. 5. “Leibnitz.” See notes on the “Art of Speech” in THE CHAUTAUQUAN for November, 1884. 6. “Lord Palmerston.” (1784-1865.) A British statesman. He succeeded Lord Aberdeen as prime minister in 1855, and retired in 1858, on account of the defeat of a bill introduced with reference to the attempted murder of Napoleon III. by Orsini. In 1859 he was again made premier and held the post until his death. 7. “Loch Fyne.” An inlet of the sea on the western coast of Scotland, running into Argyle for about forty miles, with an average width of five miles. The town of Inverary stands near its head. 8. “Homberg.” A town in Prussia, noted for the gambling which was extensively carried on there formerly, but which was suppressed by the Prussian government in 1870. “Baden,” or “Baden-Baden.” A German watering place situated on the Oos, at the foot of the Black Forest. It was formerly celebrated for the gaming tables found in the _Conversationshaus_, which was the principal resort for visitors. The licenses for gambling expired in 1872, and have not since been renewed. Those who have read “Daniel Deronda” will remember that it was at Baden that Deronda first saw Gwendolen Harleth, when she was engaged in gambling. The description of the persons gathered round the long tables is very interesting and vivid, and gives a good insight into fashionable life at Baden in those days. 9. “Lord Brougham.” (1779-1868.) Lord Chancellor of England. He took a strong stand on the side of the suppression of the slave trade, and favored Roman Catholic emancipation, and labored earnestly in the cause of popular education. As an orator he was second only to Canning. KITCHEN SCIENCE AND ART. 1. “Alkaloid.” The name given to those extracts of vegetables which will unite with acids to form salts.