[63] Scribner, F. L. Leaf Rust of the Cherry, etc., _U. S. Dept. Agr. Rpt._ 353-355, Pl. 3. 1887. [64] Atkinson, Geo. F. Studies of Some Shade Tree and Timber Destroying Fungi, _Cor. Agl. Exp. Sta. Bul._ =193=:208-214. 1901. Schrenk, H. von. Div. Veg. Phys. and Path., _U. S. Dept. Agl._ =25=:40-52, Pls. 11 (in part), 13. 1900. [65] Wilcox, E. M. A Rhizomorphic Root-Rot of Fruit Trees, _Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul._ =49=:1-32, Pls. 1-11. 1901. [66] Duggar, B. M. _Fungous Diseases of Plants_ 473. 1909. [67] Hedrick, U. P. Gumming of the Prune Tree, _Ore. Sta. Bul._ =45=:68-72. 1897. CHERRY INSECTS Insects troubling cherries are numerous but hardly as destructive as with other tree-fruits. Entomologists list about 40 species of insects attacking cherries and about as many more occasionally attack the varieties of one or the other of the two cultivated species. The majority of these pests came with the tree from its habitat over the sea but several have come from the wild cherries of this continent. Of the pests peculiar to the cherry alone, possibly the cherry fruit maggot[68] (_Rhagoletis cingulata_ Loew) is, the country over, as troublesome as any. The adult insect is a small fly with barred wings which lays eggs under the skin of the cherry in mid-summer. From these eggs small, whitish maggots about one-third of an inch long hatch and eat out a cavity in the ripening fruit. These maggots when full grown pupate in the ground and remain there until the following season. The only effective preventive or remedial measure to take against the pest in large orchards is to spray with a sweetened arsenical, but in small plantations chickens are fairly effective in scratching up and eating the pupating maggots.