The dreaded San José scale[70] (_Aspidiotus perniciosus_ Comstock) is rather less harmful to cherries than to other tree-fruits and yet is sometimes a serious pest on Sweet Cherries. Sour Cherries are almost immune. The insect is now so well known in all fruit-growing regions that it needs no description. It is usually first recognized by its work, evidence of its presence being dead or dying twigs--oftentimes the whole tree is moribund. Examination shows the twigs or trees to be covered with myriads of minute scales, the size of a small pin-head, which give the infested bark a scurfy, ashy look. If the bark be cut or scraped a reddish discoloration is found. Leaves and fruit as well as bark are infested, the insidious pest, however, usually first gaining a foothold on the trunks or a large branch. Cherry-growers, in common with all fruit-growers, find the lime and sulphur solution the most effective spray in combating this insect. Several other scale insects feed on the cherries and, now and then, become pestiferous; among these the following may be named: The European fruit lecanium[71] (_Lecanium corni_ Bouché) occasionally does a great deal of damage in New York and now and then destroys the whole crop in an orchard. The winter treatment for San José scale is used to control this pest, but usually such treatment is supplemented by a summer spray about July first with such contact sprays as whale oil soap and kerosene emulsion. The fruit pulvinaria (_Pulvinaria amygdali_ Cockerell), the mealy bug (_Pseudococcus longispinus_ Targioni), the scurfy scale (_Chionaspis furfura_ Fitch), the West Indian peach scale (_Aulacaspis pentagona_ Targioni), the Putnam scale (_Aspidiotus ancylus_ Putnam), the walnut scale (_Aspidiotus juglans-regiæ_ Comstock), Howard's scale (_Aspidiotus howardii_ Cockerell), the European fruit scale (_Aspidiotus ostreæformis_ Curtis), the red scale of California (_Chrysomphalus aurantii_ Maskell), the oyster-shell scale (_Lepidosaphes ulmi_ Linnaeus), and the soft scale (_Coccus hesperidum_ Linnaeus), are all more or less common.