Wild cherries suffer severely from the tent caterpillar[77] (_Malacosoma americana_ Fabricius) and occasionally cultivated trees are attacked. The arsenical sprays are fatal to the pest. The spring canker-worm[78] (_Paleacrita vernata_ Peck) and the fall canker-worm[79] (_Alsophila pometaria_ Harris), the white-marked tussock moth (_Hemerocampa leucostigma_ Smith and Abbot), the rusty tussock moth (_Hemerocampa antiqua_ Linnaeus), and the definite-marked tussock moth (_Hemerocampa definita_ Packard) are all occasional cherry pests and all succumb to poisonous sprays. The two now notorious European pests recently introduced into America, gypsy moth (_Porthetria dispar_ Linnaeus) and the browntail moth (_Euproctis chrysorrhæa_ Linnaeus), attack cherry trees in common with other deciduous trees and may often do considerable damage. Sometimes, but not often, the buds of the cherry are attacked by the bud-moth (_Spilonota_ (_Tmetocera_) _ocellana_ Schiffermüller), the caterpillars of which bind the young leaves together as they expand so that small, dead, brown clusters of foliage are to be seen here and there where the pests are at work. Spraying with arsenicals is effective if done just as the buds begin to open. In sandy soils the cherry is sometimes attacked by hordes of the common rose-chafer (_Macrodactylus subspinosus_ Fabricius), leaves, flowers and even the fruit suffering from the pest. It is a difficult insect to control but a spray of arsenate of lead with molasses is fairly effective. It is important to know that the insect does not often breed in ground kept in clean cultivation. [68] Slingerland, M. V. _Bul. Cor. Ag. Ex. Sta._ =172=: 1899. [69] Riley, C. V. _An. Rpt. State Entom. Mo._ =1=:50-56. 1869; =3=:11-29. 1871. [70] Marlatt, C. L. The San José or Chinese Scale, _U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bul._ =62=:1-89. 1906. [71] Lowe, V. H. The New York Plum Lecanium, _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =136=:583. 1897. [72] Beutenmüller, _W. Sesiidae of America_, etc. 266-271. 1901. [73] _Ibid._ 291-292. 1901. [74] Riley, C. V. _An. Rpt. State Entoml. Mo._ =1=:46-47. 1869. [75] Lowe, V. H. _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =180=:112-128. 1900. [76] Wilson, W. F. The Peach-tree Bark-beetle, _U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. Bul._ =68=:91-108. 1909. [77] Lowe, V. H. The Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar, _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =152=:279-293. 1898. [78] Riley, C. V. _An. Rpt. State Entom. Mo._ =2=:94-103. 1870. [79] _Ibid._ =7=:83-90. 1875. CHAPTER IV LEADING VARIETIES OF CHERRIES ABBESSE D'OIGNIES _Prunus avium_ × _Prunus cerasus_ =1.= Mortillet _Le Cerisier_ =2=:182. 1866. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =5=:161, 162 fig. 1877. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 276, 277. 1884. =4.= _Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 329. 1888. =5.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:284. 1903. =6.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =73=:62 fig. 1907. =7.= _N. Y. Sta. Bul._ =385=:307, 308, Pl. 1914.