Leroy states that this variety was long ago well known in France. Because it was grown in the neighborhood of Angers and Saint-Laud, and was of the Montmorency type, Leroy says it was locally named Cerisier Montmorency Hâtif de Saint Laud. He is doubtful whether it existed before the Eighteenth Century; Duhamel was the first to describe it in 1768. The tree resembles the Cluster cherry and is probably but a variation of the Cerise Commune type. Tree small; fruit generally attached in threes, of medium size, globular, compressed at the stem; cavity rather deep; apex small, somewhat prominent; stem of medium size, unequal in length; skin transparent, clear red, deeper when mature; flesh tender, white, juicy, sugary, strongly acidulated; stone medium in size, roundish, turgid; ripens the middle of June. Its graceful habit and productiveness make it a favorite for ornamental purposes. =Cerisier de Varenne.= Species? =1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:507. 1860. _Belle de Varennes._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:159. 1882. Tree erect, very vigorous; fruit large, compressed; stem long; color bright red. =Challenge.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 353. 1896. Challenge is a Sand Cherry seedling grown in Canada; fair flavor and of medium size. =Champagne.= Species? =1.= _Horticulturist_ =5=:76, 77 fig. 1850. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 205. 1854. Champagne is a seedling raised by Charles Downing,[84] Newburgh, New York, and so named because of the peculiar and lively mingling of sweet and acid in its flavor. Tree very hardy, vigorous, bearing regularly, and withstanding the attacks of rot and blight. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, slightly angular; stem moderately long; cavity shallow, flat; skin lively brick-red, inclining to pink; flesh amber, juicy, sprightly, rich; ripens the middle of June. =Champion.= _P. pumila._ =1.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 307. 1898. Champion is one of many seedlings of the Manitoba Sand, a native Canadian cherry named and described in 1898, by Wm. Saunders of the Canadian Experimental Farms. Fruit large, very dark red, nearly black when ripe; flesh sweet, nearly free from astringency; quality good; ripens in Manitoba the last of August. =Chapman.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 130. 1897. =2.= _Cal. Nur. Cat._ =1=:14. 1898. =3.= _Ore. Nur. Cat._ 21. 1903. =4.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 26. 1909. Chapman was grown by W. H. Chapman of Napa, California, and is supposed to be a seedling of Black Tartarian, surpassing that variety in size and earliness. By some horticulturists Chapman and California Advance are considered identical, but most growers, particularly in California, declare the two to be distinct. Fruit matures early; very large, roundish, purplish-black; stem long, slender; flesh slightly tender; very good in quality; stone small. =Cheresoto.= _P. pumila × P. americana._ =1.= _S. Dak. Sta. Bul._ =130=:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911.