This variety originated about 1845, from seed in the garden of the Pomological Society, at Guben, Prussia, Germany. The Russians, who were growing it in 1858, sent the variety from Crimea to M. Eugène Glady, who in turn gave cions of it to Leroy. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit usually attached in pairs; above medium to large, obtuse-cordate, more or less irregular, compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, inserted in a deep cavity; skin thick, dark red changing to reddish-brown; flesh dark colored, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, pleasant; quality excellent; stone rather large, ovate; ripens the last of June. =Early Red Guigne.= _P. avium._ =1.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 23. 1876. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 17. 1895. =3.= Rivers _Cat._ 18. 1898-99. This cherry, of unknown origin, was propagated by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England. It is thought by some to be Elton. Fruit large, pale red; flesh very tender, rich and good; ripens in early June. =Early Red and Yellow.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:282. 1842. This variety was raised by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, from the seed of a white Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; light red on a yellow ground; sweet, juicy; good; ripe the last of June. =Early Rivers.= _P. avium._ =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 5 fig., 6. 1872. =2.= Thomas _Guide Prat._ 28, 204. 1876. =3.= _Flor. & Pom._ 117. 1878. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 162. 1881. =5.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 296. 1884. _Guigne Early Rivers._ =6.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 104 fig., 105. 1904. Early Rivers is a seedling of Early Purple raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England; first fruited in 1869. Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading, hardy, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, somewhat uneven and indented on the surface; stem long, rather slender; skin thin, deep red changing to glossy black; flesh reddish, juicy, very tender, rich, sweet; very good in quality; stone very small, elongated; season early. =Early York.= _P. cerasus._ =1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 666. 1897. Fruit medium in size; flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, subacid. =Ebenter Cherry.= Species? =1.= _Flor. & Pom._ 111. 1879. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889. This cherry is said to be cultivated on the shores of Lake Constance, Germany, notably at Lindau and Tettnang, and is distinguished for its firm flesh, large size and small stone. Ripens after all other table cherries. =Edouard Seneclause.= Species? =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882. Not described. =Elfner Kirsche.= Species? =1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 347. 1889. Listed by Mathieu. =Elizabeth.= _P. avium._ =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 207. 1854. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =11=:160. 1882.