her position under the Popes, 194; gradual establishment of her power, 209; modern analogies to, ib.; nature of her power over her allies, 214-217; analogies with its internal constitution, 214; her treatment of her allies, 217, 218; comparison of her power in East and West, 239. _Rome_, ROUM, Sultans of, 135; 144, 145. _Rouman language_, its origin, 115. _Roumans_, their relation to the Slavs, 103; growth of, 119. _Rudolf of Habsburg_, King, not Emperor, 139. _Russian Empire_, 153, 154. Ῥωμαῖοι, use of the name, 73; 86; 117; 141; 146. S. _Samuel_, Bulgarian Tzar, 133. _San Marino_, relations of, 217. _Saxon Emperors_, their work, 130, 131; their wars with the Magyars, 161. _Saxons_, first mentioned, 64. _Scandinavia_, Roman influence in, 94. _Scotland_, compared with Switzerland, 198. _Second Century B.C._, advance of Rome in, 55-59; time of Barbarian revival, 62. _Seleukid Kings_, their position, 36; their relations to Rome, 56, 57. _Seljuk Turks_, their conquest, 166. _Sentinum_, battle of, 44. _Shires_, English, their position, 210. _Sicily_, its relations to Greece, 14; falls away from Greek life, 17; Phœnician and Greek settlements in, 25; their warfare, 30; help for sought in Greece, 32-34; war of Rome and Carthage for, 47; its conquest by the Saracens, and recovery, 134-135; incorporated with Italy, 194. _Sidonius Apollinaris_, 44. _Sikans_, mention of in Homer, 20. _Sikels_, mention of in Homer, 20. _Simeon_, Bulgarian Tzar, 113. _Sixth Century A.D._, its historical character, 124-126. _Sixth Century B.C._, greatest time of free Hellas, 23. _Slaves_, their relation to Rome, East and West, 94; their position compared with that of the Teutons, 100; their northern and southern divisions, ib.; their relations to the Eastern Empire, 102; 116; to the Roumans, 103; to the Western Church, 182. _Spain_, her historic position, 48; strife of Rome and Carthage for, 49; Teutonic settlements in, 88; how affected by the Teutonic invasions, 91; character of its history, ib.; its conquest and recovery, 134. _Stephen Dushan_, Servian Tzar, 113. _Strabo_, his description of the Lykian League, 223. _Suevians_, their settlement in Spain, 122. _Sulla_, Lucius, his work, 61. _Swabian Emperors_, their position, 148, 149; compared with the Austrian, ib. _Switzerland_, represents Burgundy, 197, 198; compared with Scotland, 198; reproduces Achaia, 199; position of cities in, ib.; its German origin, 201; its Confederation contrasted with that of Germany, 203. _Sybaris_, its time of greatness, 25. _Syracuse_, its time of greatness, 25. _Syria_, its position under Rome, 61; Saracen conquest of, 133. T. _Taras_, _Tarentum_, its time of greatness, 25. _Tauromenion_, its long resistance, 134, 135.