In Polish: (1) Bydlo bylo, bydlo bedzie (It was cattle, it remains cattle); (2) Podawala baba babie przez piec malowane grabie (A woman handed the woman over the stove a painted rake); (3) Chrzaszcz brzmi w trzinie (The beetle buzzes in the pipe). Latin and Greek are also made use of for similar purpose. Treichel cites, among other passages, the following: (1) Quamuis sint sub aqua, sub aqua maledicere tentant (Ovid, _Metam._ VI. 376); (2) At tuba terribili sonitu taratantara dixit (Virgil, _Aen._ IX. 503); (3) Quadrupedante putrem sonitu quatit ungula campum (Virgil, _Aen._ VIII. 596); (4) [Greek: _Aytis epeita pedonde kylindeto lâas anchidaês_] (Homer, Odyss. II. 598); (5) [Greek: _Trichthà te kaì tétrachthà diéschesen ìs ánémoio_] (Homer, Odyss. IX. 71, II. III. 363); (6) [Greek: _'O mákar 'Adreídae moiraegenès ólbiodaímon_] (Homer, _Il._ III. 182). These customs are not confined, however, to the civilized nations of Europe. Dr. Pechuel-Loesche tells us that, among the negroes of the Loango coast of Africa, the mother teaches the child little verses, just as illogical as the test-sentences often are which are employed in other parts of the world, and containing intentionally difficult arrangements of words. The child whose skilful tongue can repeat these without stumbling, is shown to visitors and is the cause of much admiration and merriment. And this exhibition of the child's linguistic and mnemonic powers finds vogue among other races than those of the dark continent (373. 125). _Alphabet-Rhymes_. A very curious development of child-linguistics is seen in the so-called _ABC Rhymes_. H. A. Carstensen reports from Risummoor in Low Germany the following arrangement and interpretation of the letters of the alphabet (199. 55):-- A--Aewel B--baeget C(K)--Kaege A--Abel B--bakes C(K)--cakes. D--Detlef E--ët F--fåle. D--Detlef E--eats F--much. G--Grutte H--Hans J--jaeget K--Kraege. G--Great H--Jack J--hunts K--crows. L--Lotte M--maeget N--noerne. L--Lütje M--makes N--names. O--Okke P--plökket Q--Kuerde. O--Okke P--makes Q--wool-cards. R--Rikkert S--sâit T--tuffle. R--Richard S--sews T--slippers U--Uethet V--Volkert W--waeder? U--Fetches V--Volkert W--water? From the North Frisian islands of Silt and Föhr the following ABC rhymes have been recorded, consisting mostly of personal names (199. 192):-- 1. From Silt: _A_nna _B_oyken, _C_hristian _D_ojken, _E_rkel _F_redden, _G_ondel _H_ansen, _J_ens _K_uk, _L_orenz _M_ommen, _N_iels _O_tten, _P_eter _Q_uotten, _R_ink _S_wennen, _T_heide _U_wen, _V_olkert, _W_ilhelm, exerzére. 2. From Föhr: _A_rest _B_uhn, _C_ike _D_uhn, _E_hlen _F_rödden, _G_irre _H_ayen, _I_ngke _K_ayen, _L_urenz _M_unje, _N_ahmen _O_tt, _P_eter _Q_uott, _R_ekkert _s_kär, _T_rintje _u_m, qui _w_eg, _x, y, z_. 3. From Föhr: _A_ntje _b_rawt; _C_isele _d_rug; _E_hlen _f_ald; _G_öntje _h_olp; _I_ngke _k_näd; _L_ena _m_äd; _N_ahmen _O_kken; _P_eter _Q_uast;