That the substitution of foundlings and exposed children was frequent
in Greece is evident, however, from the many plays bearing this name.
Cratinus the younger was the author of a piece called _The Substituted
Child_ [ὑποβολιμάιος], and the title was also used by Menander.
Athenæus quotes from a play by Alexis entitled _The Suppositious
Child_[311] and from one by Epinicus called the _Suppositious
Damsels_ [ὑποβολλομενᾶι] and from[312] another by Crobylus called the
_Pseudo-Suppositious Child_ (_Falsus suppositus_).[313]
In the Thesmophoriazusæ, Aristophanes depicts the father of Euripides,
Mnesilochus, as making a tactless defence of his son-in-law at the
festival of Thesmophoria by abusing the very women he would placate.
“And I know another woman,” he says “who for ten days said she was in
labour, till she purchased a little child while her husband went about
purchasing drugs for a quick delivery. But the child an old woman
brought in a pot with its mouth stopped with honeycomb that it might
not squall. Then, when she that carried it nodded, the wife immediately
cried out: ‘Go away, husband, go away, for methinks that I shall be
immediately delivered.’ For the child kicked against the bottom of the
pot. And he ran off delighted, while she drew out the stoppage from the
bottle and it cried out. And then the abominable old woman who brought
the child, runs smiling to the husband, and says: ‘A lion has been born
to you, a lion; your very image, in all other respects whatever, and
its nose is like yours, being crooked like an acorn cup.’”[314]
That there was a class of people who looked on children in the light of
good or bad bargains we must assume from the certainly serious words
of Demosthenes in his oration against Midias. In his attack on his
physical assailant, Demosthenes says that the real mother of Midias was
a wise woman because she got rid of him as soon as he was born, whereas
the woman who adopted him was a foolish woman because she made a bad
bargain.
“And why?” asks the orator, “because the one sold him as soon as he was
born, while the other, when she might have obtained a better for the
same price, bought Midias.”
Ion,[315] when he meets his father for the first time and learns that
he had been exposed, congratulates himself on having escaped slavery,
indicating that in all probability the majority of children saved after
they had been exposed by their parents were saved by the professional
slave dealers. The general view, however, was that children were cheap,
Xenophon,[316] declaring that “good slaves when they had children
generally become still better disposed, but bad ones increase their
power to do mischief.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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