[220] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1144. [221] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. i., p. 96. [222] Theodor Waitz, _Anthropologie der Naturvolker_, vol. ii., p. 197. [223] H. C. Trumbull, _The Threshold Covenant_, p. 146. [224] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, vol. i., p. 96. [225] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1142. [226] Jacob Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. iii., p. 1142. [227] W. Crooke, _The Religion, etc., Northern India_, vol. ii., p. 174. [228] _The Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. vi., p. 51, Boston, New York, and London, 1893. [229] E. Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., preface, p. viii. [230] J. F. McCurdy, _Jewish Encyclopædia_. [231] A. Kuenen, _The Religion of Israel_, p. 102. [232] Genesis xxii., 13. [233] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, p. 63. [234] Genesis xvii., 10. [235] P. C. Remondino, _History of Circumcision_, p. 31. Remondino cites Benjamin—David brought 200 prepuces to Saul to show the number of slain Philistines. [236] Remondino, p. 32. [237] Exodus, chap. xii. [238] Joshua, chap. xxiv., v. 14. [239] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 149. [240] Judges, chap. ix. [241] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 150. [242] Judges, chap. xii., v. 38–39. [243] Renan, _History of the People of Israel_, vol. i., p. 278. [244] 2 Samuel, chap. xxi. [245] Ewald, _History of Israel_, vol. iv., p. 90. [246] 2 Kings, chap. xvi., v. 3; and 2 Chronicles, chap. xxviii., v. 3. [247] 2 Kings, chap. xxi., v. 6. [248] Hosea, chap. vi., v. 6. [249] _Ibid._ [250] Jeremiah, chap. vii., v. 21 _et seq._ [251] Micah, chap. vi., v. 6 _et seq._ [252] R. A. Nicholson, _Literary History of the Arabs_, p. xvi. [253] The Sabeans were inhabitants of the ancient kingdom of Sheba, located in south-western Arabia. According to the records of Mohammed Abu-Taleb Dimeshqi, the Sabeans’ sacrifices were made to the planets when they reached their point of culmination. They sacrificed either a man or a woman according to the divinity who was being worshipped. To the Sun, a selected girl was sacrificed; to the Moon, a man with full face. To Jupiter, a boy three days old, the child of the girl who was sacrificed to the Sun. To Mercury they sacrificed a young man of brownish colour who was a scribe and well educated; to Mars, a very red man with a red head; to Venus, a beautiful woman. These sacrifices were connected with various preparations and mysterious ceremonies. The following passage, showing the extreme of horrible barbarism, describes one of their sacrificial ceremonies; it is from Dr. D. Chwolsohn’s _Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus_ (vol. ii., pp. 28–29).