[409] Laws of Hloth. and Ead., vi. Ine, vii. Æthels., v. i. By the Salic law also (tit. xxvi., art. 6) twelve was fixed as the age of responsibility. [410] See Laws of Cnut, lxxvii. [411] Thorpe, p. 414. [412] Gaillard, p. 83. [413] Muratori, _Antiquates italicæ medii ævi_, Mediolani, 1740, vol. iii., p. 587. [414] Pontani, _Opera_, Basil, 1566, t. i., chapter xix. [415] Gaillard, vol. i., p. 85. [416] _Histoire de Languedoc._ [417] Ramcle, p. 34. [418] Ramcle, p. 360. [419] Gaillard, vol. i., p. 85. _Bulletin Ferussac, pact de la Geog._, t. xvi., p. 66. [420] Ramcle, p. 34. _Bullarium Romanorum_, t. i., p. 74. [421] See Bull of Innocent III., 28th of April, 1198. [422] Beckmann, _Histoire des Inventions et Découvertes_, tome iv. [423] _Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicales_, “Enfans Trouvés.” [424] Ramcle, 38. _Bullarium Romanorum_, Nicholas IV. [425] Ramcle, p. 40. [426] Cited by de Breuil. [427] _Histoire de Languedoc_, tome iii., p. 43. [428] Ramcle, p. 63. [429] _Rapport fait à l’Académie Royale des Sciences_. Par MM. Dumeril et Coquebert-Monbret. Paris, 1825, p. x. [430] _Considérations sur les Enfants Trouvés_, Benoiston de Chateauneuf, p. x. [431] Gaillard, p. 90. [432] Gaillard, p. 90. [433] _Id._, p. 90. Chateauneuf. [434] At that time Louis was at war with Germany in the Pays-Bas and in Cologne, and the conspiracy of Cinq-Mars had just been discovered. [435] Terme et Monfalcon, p. 100. [436] Gaillard, p. 92. [437] Curzon, p. 11. [438] L. F. Salzman, _English Industries of the Middle Ages_, p. 229. [439] _Memorials of London and London Life_, ed. by H. T. Riley, p. 549. [440] W. J. Ashley, _The English Economic History_, p. 9. [441] O. J. Dunlop and R. D. Denman, _English Apprenticeship and Child Labour_, p. 29. [442] _Id._, p. 56. [443] H. T. Riley, _Memorials of London and London Life_, p. 278. [444] Act of Henry VIII., passed by the Common Council of London, September 27, 1556. See _A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London_, vol. i., ed. by Ed. Arber, introduction, p. xli. [445] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 341. [446] Rep., 7 and 8 Vict. c. 101, s. 13. [447] Macaulay, _History of England_, vol. i., pp. 389 and 390. [448] Chamberlayne’s _State of England_; Petty’s _Political Arithmetic_, chapter viii.; Dunning’s _Plain and Easy Method_; Firmin’s _Proposition for the Employing of the Poor_. “It ought to be observed that Firmin was an eminent philanthropist,” Macaulay observes. [449] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 388. [450] _The Quarterly Review_, vol. lxvii., 1841, pp. 175 and 176. [451] Alfred, _History of the Factory Movement_, vol. i., pp. 21, 22. [452] Quoted in Alfred’s _History of the Factory Movement_, i., 43. [453] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, par. 226, p. 393. [454] H. de B. Gibbins, _Industry in England_, p. 398. [455] W. Cooke Taylor, _Factories and the Factory System_, pp. 20 and 21.