Homer says little of children and the only child to appear directly in
the action of the Iliad is the infant son of Hector and Andromache.
“When Andromache meets Hector as he is hurrying to the field of battle,
the nurse accompanying her carries in her arms the merry-hearted child,
whom Hector called Scamandrius, but the rest called him Astyanax
(Defender of the City), for Hector alone defended Ilium.’”[279] It is
true that there is no example of exposure in Homer, though Hephaistos
says his mother Hera desired to conceal him because he was lame.[280]
But why one should expect a tenderness contrary to the history of
the race is difficult to imagine, especially in view of the picture
Achilles offers, as he drags the slain Hector about the walls of Troy
to the lamentations of the dead man’s father and mother.
Wherever there was a Greek colony we have a story of the exposure of
some god or hero. Greek mythology might also be said to have had,
as one of its foundations, the right of the parent to reject its
offspring. The Dorians of Crete pictured even mighty Jove as a victim
of this practice, and as being suckled by a goat. He was taken as soon
as he was born, to Lystus first, the most ancient city of Crete, and
then:
“Hid in a deep cave, ’neath the recesses of the divine earth in the
dense and wooded Ægean mount.”[281]
Among the Mantineians it was said that when Rhea brought forth
Poseidon she delivered him “in a sheep cote to be brought up among the
lambs.”[282]
Among the Lemnians, Hephaistos was supposed to have been exposed,[283]
as was the Dionysus of the Etolians and the Thracians.
In Epidaurus it is said that Coronis, when she gave birth to
Æsculapius, “exposed the infant on that mountain which at present they
call Titthion, but which was before denominated Myrtion; the name of
the mountain being changed, because the infant was suckled by one of
those goats which fed upon the mountain.”[284]
In Argos, when Crotopos reigned, a grandson was born to him, but the
infant’s mother, fearing the wrath of her father, “exposed the child to
perish. In consequence of this, it happened that the infant was torn to
pieces by the dogs that guarded the royal cattle.”[285]
In Arcadia, Auge, when she was delivered of Telephus, “concealed him in
the mountain Parthenion, and he was there suckled by a hind.”[286]
In his disappointment at not having a son born to him, Jasus had the
Arcadian Atalanta exposed on the Parthenian hill[287]; the ancestor
of all the Athenians, Ion, and the founders of Thebes, Amphion, and
Zethus, were exposed on the same Mount Citharion where Œdipus was
exposed. Amphion afterward married Niobe and their twelve children,
six boys and six girls, were killed by Apollo.[288]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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