The Chinese Industrial Cooperatives (_Chung-kuo Kung-yeh Ho-tso Hsieh-hui_) are an important and widely publicized outgrowth of the war, and are perhaps the only feature of domestic Chinese affairs--outside of the Communist area and the roads program--which is as well known beyond China as within. The purpose of the cooperatives is to launch an enormous program of decentralized industry throughout Free China, with thirty thousand separate industrial cooperatives for the first major goal. The purpose is to develop an industrial system which will keep China autarkic for resistance and reconstruction; long-range, the purpose is to circumvent impending evils of concentrated industrialism, slums, megalopolitan crowding, extra-legal oppression. China might thus proceed directly from a decentralized half-handicraft economy to the decentralized power economy of the future. Four principles underlie the program: sound technical design, cooperative organization, voluntary self-discipline, and social welfare on the basis of Sun's _min shêng_.[5] [Footnote 5: Publicity release of Indusco, Inc., The American Committee in Aid of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, New York, January 1940 [1941]. This agency, exceedingly active in publicizing China's cooperative progress, has released a great deal of up-to-date information on the movement. The Western literature on the C.I.C. has appeared mostly in popular sources, to which _The Bulletin of Far Eastern Bibliography_ issued by the Committees on Far Eastern Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies, Washington, D. C., serves as a useful guide. The writings of Edgar Snow are of special value and vividness in treating this topic: articles in _Asia_, various dates; "China's Blitzbuilder, Rewi Alley," _The Saturday Evening Post_, Vol. 213, no. 32 (February 8, 1941); and his recent _The Battle for Asia_, New York, 1941, which appeared as this work was completed and sent to press. A convenient handbook is the anonymous _The People Strike Back! or The Story of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives_, Shanghai, (1939?).]