being blessed through the greatness and _fulness_ of God the Father, and _predestinated before the world began_, that it should be always unto an enduring and unchangeable glory; being united and chosen, through actual suffering, according to the will of the Father and Jesus Christ our God, all happiness by Jesus Christ and his undefiled grace." (Epistle to Eptsiceris, sec. 1. 17.) The balance of this section, which will be cited in a subsequent page, was added in the third or fourth century, when Christianity put on its fourth phase. "For this cause they were persecuted also, being inspired by his grace, fully to convince the unbelievers that _there is one God_, who hath manifested himself by Jesus Christ his Son, who is his _eternal Word_, not coming forth from _silence_, who in all things was well pleased in him that sent him." * (Sec. 8.) * The word silence is a word which grew in use among the Gnostics long after the time of Ignatius, and affords unmistakable proof of the fraudulent interpolation. Valentinianus, a Gnostic of the second century, held that there is a certain Dyad (twofold being), who is inexpressible by name, of whom one part should be called Anhetus, unspeakable, and the other Silence. The word, in the connection in which it is found in the passage from Ignatius, speaking about what related to a later age, has been the occasion of much discussion: some contending that it has reference to the Silence of Valentinianus, which proves the passage spurious; others, that it relates to the erroneous opinions of heretics anterior to Valentinianus. What heretics! (See Chevalier's Apostolical Gospels, note 6.) Such passages as we have cited, and others of a like nature which might be cited, have led critics to the conclusion that the writings which contain them are forgeries; but if examined in _connection with the texts_, it will be found that they are interpolations, forced into the places they fill. As the writings of Paul now stand, they present Christ in two distinct characters or aspects: his own as the Son of Man, from which he never wavered; and the other that of Philo. All through his epistles we find passages which inculcate doctrines with which he combated during his whole life. All that is essential to, or that is embraced in, the writings of Philo, as to the nature of the Logos, may be found in the epistles of Paul. We will give a few examples which we gather from the work of Jacob Bryant, and found among the notes of Adam Clarke in his Commentaries on St. John. Philo. "First begotten of God." COLOSSIANS i. 15. "Who is the image of the invisible God, the first-born of every creature." HEBREWS i. 6. And again, when he bringeth in the first begotten into the world, he saith, "And let all the angels of God worship him."