[Endnote 1: (p. 2). _St. Thomas, who was the most clear teacher among the Doctors of Theology_, i.e., St. Thomas Aquinas, greatest of the Schoolmen ("Doctor Angelicus"); born at Rocca Secca, near Aquino, 1225 (according to some 1227); Professor of Theology at Cologne 1248, at Paris 1253 and 1269, at Rome 1261, etc., at Naples 1272 (Doctor of Theology, 1257). Died at Fossa Nuova, in the diocese of Terracino, 1274; canonised 1323; declared a Doctor of the Church, 1567; author, among many other writings, of the _Summa Theologiae_, the greatest monument of Roman divinity. Aquinas completed the fusion of the re-discovered Aristotelian philosophy with church doctrine, which in the earlier Middle Ages had been hampered by the imperfect knowledge of Aristotelian texts in the Latin world, but which had for some time been preparing, _e.g._, in the work of Peter Lombard (d. 1164), and even earlier. Aquinas also marks the temporary intellectual victory of the Church, in the thirteenth century, over the free-thinking and disruptive tendencies which had shown themselves so threatening in the twelfth. See K. Werner, _Thomas von Aquino_, Regensburg, 1858-59; Feugueray, _Essai sur les doctrines politiques de St. T. d'A._, Paris, 1857; De Liechty, _Albert le grand et St. T. d'A._, Paris, 1880. Encken, _Die Philosophie des T. von A._, Halle, 1886.] [Endnote 2: (p. 3). _When the King John ... went to take Ceuta_, viz., in 1415, in company with his sons, Edward (Duarte), Pedro, and Henry, and a force of 50,000 soldiers. See especially Oliveira Martins, _Os Filhos de D. João I_ (1891), ch. ii; Azurara's _Chronica de Ceuta_; Mat. Pisano, _De bello Septensi_; Major's _Henry Navigator_, 1868 ed., pp. 26-43; "Life" of the same, in _Heroes of the Nations Series_, ch. viii.] [Endnote 3: (p. 4). _Duke John, Lord of Lançam._--On this Santarem has the following: [The Duke of whom our author speaks was probably John of Lançon, one of the Paladins of Charles the Great, concerning whose deeds there exists a MS. poem of the thirteenth century in the Collection of MSS. in the Royal Library of Paris (No. 8; 203). This reference cannot be to John I, Duke of Alençon, seeing that it does not appear that any history of his deeds was ever written].--S.]