[The attempts made by the Portuguese seamen to pass the Cape began before the fifteenth century. Already, in the time of King Affonso IV, the Portuguese passed beyond Cape Non, _i.e._, before 1336 (?). The documents published by Professor Ciampi in 1827, and discovered by him in the _MSS. of Boccaccio_ in the Bibliotheca Magliabechiana in Florence, as well as the letter of King Affonso IV to Pope Clement VI attest that fact. See the _Memoir_ of Sr. J. J. da Costa de Macedo, in vol. vi. of the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, and the additions published in 1835. As for the attempts made in the Prince's time by ships that he sent into those latitudes to pass beyond Cape Bojador, if we admit the number of twelve years which Azurara indicates, and if this is taken together with the date 1433, which he fixes for the passage effected by Gil Eannes(?), the result is that these attempts began only in 1421; and so Azurara did not admit that the expedition of 1418 (or of 1419), which went out under J. G. Zarco, had for its chief object the passage of the Cape at all. But from Barros it is seen that Zarco and Vaz went out with the object of doubling the Cape, but that a storm carried them to the island they discovered, and named Porto Santo (_Decades I_, ch. 2, and D. Franc. Manoel, _Epanaphoras_, p. 313]. The statements of part of this note are loosely worded. See Introduction to vol. ii, on the voyage of 1341, on the earlier claims of Affonso IV, and on the rounding of Bojador. Also, on Azurara's use of _Graada_ for _Granada_, Santarem remarks: [On the origin and etymology of this word, see Cortes y Lopez, art. _Ebura quae Cerialis. Dic. Geograf. Hist. de la Esp. Ant._, II., 420, etc.]. And on the "Granada" and "Levant" expeditions, the same editor remarks: [The details of these expeditions prove the activity of our marine at the beginning of the fifteenth century, and its system of training, which enabled it to cope better with the perils of Ocean voyages, and in naval combats with Arabs and Moors to protect the commerce of the Christian nations in the Mediterranean]. Cf. note 31 to p. 18 of this version.] [Endnote 51: (p. 33). _Gil Eannes ... touched by the self-same terror._--As to Gil Eannes, Santarem remarks:--[Barros also says he was a native of Lagos, and was the man who so named "Bojador" from the way it jutted or bulged out (_Decades I_, 6)]; This last statement is quite untrue; [cf. an Atlas of which Morelli and Zurla treat in their _Dei Viaggi et delle Scoperte Africane da Ca-da-Mosto_, p. 37, on which is the inscription "_Jachobus de Giraldis de Venetiis me fecit anno Dmi_ MCCCCXVI;" as well as another atlas of the fourteenth century, on which two the Cape appears as (1) _Cabo de Buider_, and (2) _Cavo de Imbugder_; cf. Zurla's _Dissertazione_, p. 37.]. Also, see Introduction to vol. ii, pp. x, lxiv, lxviii-lxx.]