[Endnote 61: (p. 45). _That emulation which Socrates praised in gallant youths_.--Cf. Xenophon, _Memorabilia_, Bk. I, c. 7; Bk. III, cc. 1, 3, 5, 6, and especially 7; also Plato, _Laches_, 190-9; _Protagoras_, 349-350, 359. On the history that follows, cf. D. Pacheco Pereira, _Esmeraldo_, cc. 20-33. Pereira must have had a copy of this Chronicle before him, for in places he transcribes _verbatim_; see _Esmeraldo_, c. 22.] [Endnote 62: (p. 47). _"Portugal" and "Santiago."_--The latter war-cry is of course derived from St. James of Compostella, which being in Gallicia was not properly a Portuguese shrine at all. All Spanish crusaders, however, from each of the five Kingdoms, made use of this famous sanctuary. See note 11, p. 7 of this version.] [Endnote 63: (p. 48). _Port of the Cavalier._--[This is marked in two Portuguese maps of Africa in Paris, both of the sixteenth century, as on this side of Cape Branco, which is in 20° 46' 55" N. lat.]--S.] [Endnote 64: (p. 49). _Azanegues of Sahara ... Moorish tongue._--[Cf. Ritter, _Géographie Comparée_, III, p. 366, art. _Azenagha_. Ritter says they speak Berber. On this language see the curious article, _Berber_, by M. d'Avezac, in his _Encylopédie des gens du Monde_. On the Azanegues, Barros says (_Decade I_, Bk. I, ch. ii): "The countries which the Azanegues inhabit border on the negroes of Jaloff, where begins the region of Guinea." _Sahará_ signifies desert. Geographers spell Zahará, Zaara, Ssahhará, Sarra, and Sahar. The inhabitants are called Saharacin--Saracens--"sons of the desert" (cf. Ritter, _Géographie Comparée_, III, p. 360), a term immensely extended by mediæval writers--thus Plano Carpini expects to find "black Saracens" in India. On the etymology, cf. Renaud's _Invasions des Sarrasins en France_, Pt. IV, pp. 227-242, etc. He confirms Azurara's statement that the Sahara language differed from the Mooris--_i.e._, it was Berber, not Arabic--and he refers us to the Arab author Ibn-Alkûtya, in evidence of this.]--S. The "Other lands where he learned the Moorish tongue" were probably Marocco, or one of the other Barbary States along the Mediterranean littoral, where Arabic was in regular use. This language stopped, for the most part, at the Sahara Desert. Santarem's derivation of the word "Saracen" is much disputed.]