At this period, the king of Poland and the cardinal of St Angelo, the pope's legate, conquered, with the aid of a body of Christians, who had joined them, all Greece and Wallachia, driving the Saracens thence to the Black Sea. But shortly afterward, the sultan and great Turk raised a large army of Saracens, crossed the sea, came up with the Christians, who at that moment were but few in number, and completely defeated them. Among the dead, were slain and killed alive, the king of Poland and the cardinal, who, please God, are now martyrs in Paradise,--for they were killed while endeavouring to extend the doctrines of JESUS CHRIST[132]. On the return of the dauphin's army from Germany, the English left him, with their leader Mutago, who marched them back, for subsistence, to Normandy, then in the possession of king Henry of England. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 124: Bourgalemoine. Du Cange MS. has Belleforest. Bourgumoine? Q.] [Footnote 125: Coulombaria,--Columbaria, the latin name for Colmar.] [Footnote 126: Selestat,--or Schlestadt, a town in Lower Alsace, about four miles from Strasburg.] [Footnote 127: Aussays. Q. Aussois?] [Footnote 128: St Hippolyte,--a town formerly of Germany, now of the duchy of Lorraine, a few leagues distant from Schlestadt.] [Footnote 129: Blancquemaine. Blanquevau.--MS. Du Cange.] [Footnote 130: 'To keep the disbanded soldiers out of mischief, (during the truce) the dauphin leads twenty thousand of them, of whom eight thousand were English, to assist the duke of Lorraine and the town of Zuric against the Switzers. Near Basil, they attack four thousand men, who had come to assist that town. The dauphin, after an obstinate resistance, slays them all but sixteen; nay, some say one, and that he, on returning to his canton, had his head cut off for cowardice. The French retreat, and abandon the war in that district. They then besiege Metz,--and raise vast contributions from the towns around to buy their absence. With this money the dauphin pays his soldiers, and discharges all but fifteen hundred.'--_Andrews_ from _Mezeray_.] [Footnote 131: _Five._ Q. If it should not be _fifteen_ from what follows? This is the origin of a standing army in France.] [Footnote 132: In the 'Art de Verifier les Dates,' the account of this event is as follows. 'A peace was concluded with the Turks and Christians for ten years, and signed about the middle of June, 1444, but almost immediately violated by the Christians, on the representations of the cardinal Julien Césarini, who had been present at the treaty. A battle was fought on the 10th November 1444, near Varna, in Lower Mesia, between Ladislaus, at the head of eighteen thousand men, and Amurath, who had upward of sixty thousand. The victory, long disputed, was at length gained by the infidels. Ladislaus, after performing prodigies of valour, was killed. He was but twenty years old. The cardinal Julien was among the dead,--but the manner of his death is variously related.']