The histories of the _Persians_ now extant in the East, represent that the oldest Dynasties of the Kings of _Persia_, were those whom they call _Pischdadians_ and _Kaianides_, and that the Dynasty of the _Kaianides_ immediately succeeded that of the _Pischdadians_. They derive the name _Kaianides_ from the word _Kai_, which, they say, in the old _Persian_ language signified a Giant or great King; and they call the first four Kings of this Dynasty, _Kai-Cobad, Kai-Caus, Kai-Cosroes_, and _Lohorasp_, and by _Lohorasp_ mean _Kai-Axeres_, or _Cyaxeres_: for they say that _Lohorasp_ was the first of their Kings who reduced their armies to good order and discipline, and _Herodotus_ affirms the same thing of _Cyaxeres_: and they say further, that _Lohorasp_ went eastward, and conquered many Provinces of _Persia_, and that one of his Generals, whom the _Hebrews_ call _Nebuchadnezzar_, the _Arabians_ _Bocktanassar_, and others _Raham_ and _Gudars_, went westward, and conquered all _Syria_ and _Judæa_, and took the city of _Jerusalem_ and destroyed it: they seem to call _Nebuchadnezzar_ the General of _Lohorasp_, because he assisted him in some of his wars. The fifth King of this Dynasty, they call _Kischtasp_, and by this name mean sometimes _Darius Medus_, and sometimes _Darius Hystaspis_: for they say that he was contemporary to _Ozair_ or _Ezra_, and to _Zaradust_ or _Zoroastres_, the Legislator of the _Ghebers_ or fire-worshippers, and established his doctrines throughout all _Persia_; and here they take him for _Darius Hystaspis_: they say also that he was contemporary to _Jeremiah_, and to _Daniel_, and that he was the son and successor of _Lohorasp_, and here they take him for _Darius_ the _Mede_. The sixth King of the _Kaianides_, they call _Bahaman_, and tell us that _Bahaman_ was _Ardschir Diraz_, that is _Artaxerxes Longimanus_, so called from the great extent of his power: and yet they say that _Bahaman_ went westward into _Mesopotamia_ and _Syria_, and conquered _Belshazzar_ the son of _Nebuchadnezzar_, and gave the Kingdom to _Cyrus_ his Lieutenant-General over _Media_: and here they take _Bahaman_ for _Darius Medus_. Next after _Ardschir Diraz_, they place _Homai_ a Queen, the mother of _Darius Nothus_, tho' really she did not Reign: and the two next and last Kings of the _Kaianides_, they call _Darab_ the bastard son of _Ardschir Diraz_, and _Darab_ who was conquered by _Ascander Roumi_, that is _Darius Nothus_, and _Darius_ who was conquered by _Alexander_ the _Greek_: and the Kings between these two _Darius's_ they omit, as they do also _Cyrus_, _Cambyses_, and _Xerxes_. The Dynasty of the _Kaianides_, was therefore that of the _Medes_ and _Persians_, beginning with the defection of the _Medes_ from the _Assyrians_, in the end of the Reign of _Sennacherib_, and ending with the conquest of _Persia_ by _Alexander_ the Great. But their account of this Dynasty is very imperfect, some Kings being omitted, and