The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine BuildingLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Religion
The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Ayasofya Müzesi
The following instances may be given of the agreement of the mosaics at
S. Sophia with the instructions of the Painter’s Manual. For example,
it directs that over the door of entrance from the narthex Christ be
represented throned, holding the Gospel open at the words, “I am the
Door: by me, if any man enter in, he shall be saved.” At each side the
Virgin and the Prodromos are to be represented. The figure to Christ’s
left at S. Sophia, called Michael by Salzenberg, Grelot tells us was
the Prodromos and he probably followed the traditional ascription,
although the type seems to agree better with an archangel.
Again, “Inside the Sanctuary at the centre of the vaults draw the
Virgin seated on a throne holding Christ as a little child.”[402] This
exactly describes the apsoid mosaic at S. Sophia. The cupola of the
gynaeceum, representing the descent of the Holy Spirit, is also in
close agreement with the directions given in the Manual:--“The Holy
Spirit is seen in the form of a dove, twelve tongues of fire go out
from it and rest on the apostles.” This subject is treated at S. Luke’s
in a manner almost identical to that at S. Sophia, and it is also found
in a dome at S. Mark’s.
Diehl in his examination of the mosaics at S. Luke’s has pointed out
that the central circle of the Pentecost cupola at S. Sophia as shown
by Salzenberg in Plate xxxi. is quite insufficient to have contained
the figure of Christ as shown in the restoration given on Plate xxvi.,
and that consequently the Holy Spirit as a Dove really occupied this
position as at S. Luke’s. In Fig. 71 we give an amended restoration
of this centre; it will be seen from Salzenberg’s text that he had no
evidence for a figure. The two angels above the sanctuary are described
by Salzenberg as bearing lances or banner poles; these were doubtless
surmounted by Flabella bearing the words
ΑΓΙΟϹ
ΑΓΙΟϹ
ΑΓΙΟϹ
as at S. Luke’s and Nicaea.[403] There is a very similar angel holding
a flabellum of this kind in the tenth century Menologium; and the words
Holy, Holy, Holy, are directed to be put on flabella in the manual.
Again the Manual says, “At the summit of these vaults (opening from the
dome) draw the holy Veil to the east and opposite to it the holy Cup.”
Now in Grelot’s view of the interior, made when many of the mosaics
were still visible, he shows a large square mosaic at the crown of the
bema vault directly over the altar, which he says was “the picture of
Christ’s face upon a napkin called Veronica.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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