An introductory statement by the foremost authority in England. (II; III; IV, 2; V, 4; VI, 3, 5, 6, 9; VII, 1, 2.) Haverfield, F. J. _Ancient Town Planning_ (Oxford, 1913). (II, 1; III, 6.) Hughes, W. R. _New Town: A Proposal in Agricultural, Industrial, Educational, Civic, and Social Reconstruction_ (London, 1919). Lewis, Nelson P. _The Planning of the Modern City: A Review of the Principles Governing City-Planning_ (New York, 1916). Mulvihill, F. J. “Distribution of Population Graphically Represented as a Basis for City-Planning,” _American City_, XX (February, 1919), 159–61. (VII, 2.) Purdom, C. B. _The Garden City_ (London, 1913). (IV, 6.) Roberts, Kate L. _The City Beautiful: A Study of Town-Planning and Municipal Art_ (New York, 1916). (VI, 3, 5, 6.) Sennett, A. R. _Garden Cities in Theory and Practice_ (2 vols.; London, 1905). (III, 6.) Stote, A. “Ideal American City,” _McBride’s_, XCVII (April, 1916), 89–99. Symposium. “Regional Planning,” _Survey Graphic_, May 1, 1925. Contains a series of suggestive articles on various aspects of city growth and city-planning. (V, 5; VII, 1, 2, 3; III, 6.) Tout, T. F. _Medieval Town-Planning_ (London, 1907). (II, 2; III, 6.) Triggs, H. Inigo. _Town Planning_ (London, 1909). VI. THE CITY AS A PHYSICAL MECHANISM The aggregation of large numbers of human beings within a restricted area, as is represented by the modern city, makes possible, and at the same time makes imperative, the communal effort to satisfy certain essential needs of all the inhabitants. The manner in which these needs are met has become institutionalized. The facilities which have been created to meet these needs make up the physical structure of the city as a social mechanism. 1. The need for uninterrupted water supply, fuel, and light have brought it about that the means of satisfying these wants are either in the hands of the city as a corporate body, or, if in private hands, are controlled and regulated by the city government. These public utilities are of interest to the sociologist only in so far as they have a bearing on group life and call forth attitudes, sentiments, and behavior which influences the group. These factors may have an important relation to the ecological organization of the city, and may furnish indexes to the selective and distributive processes which result in the grouping of the population. The lighting of the city may have a direct bearing on the crime of the city, the water supply, on the health, etc. The regulation of public utilities may become issues at elections and call forth factionalism, thus bringing into play the social groupings in the community. Fassett, Charles M. _Assets of the Ideal City_ (New York, 1922). A brief statement of various structural aspects of the city, with a bibliography. (V, 4, 5; VI.)