The City of God, Volume IIAugustine, of Hippo, Saint
ReligionChristian
The City of God, Volume II
Augustine, of Hippo, Saint
Apologetics -- Early works to 1800; Kingdom of God -- Early works to 1800
But some one may say, "How shall I know whether the prophet Jonah
said to the Ninevites, 'Yet _three_ days and Nineveh shall be
overthrown,' or _forty_ days?"[579] For who does not see that the
prophet could not say both, when he was sent to terrify the city
by the threat of imminent ruin? For if its destruction was to take
place on the third day, it certainly could not be on the fortieth;
but if on the fortieth, then certainly not on the third. If, then, I
am asked which of these Jonah may have said, I rather think what is
read in the Hebrew, "Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be overthrown."
Yet the Seventy, interpreting long afterward, could say what was
different and yet pertinent to the matter, and agree in the selfsame
meaning, although under a different signification. And this may
admonish the reader not to despise the authority of either, but to
raise himself above the history, and search for those things which
the history itself was written to set forth. These things, indeed,
took place in the city of Nineveh, but they also signified something
else too great to apply to that city; just as, when it happened
that the prophet himself was three days in the whale's belly, it
signified besides, that He who is Lord of all the prophets should be
three days in the depths of hell. Wherefore, if that city is rightly
held as prophetically representing the Church of the Gentiles, to
wit, as brought down by penitence, so as no longer to be what it had
been, since this was done by Christ in the Church of the Gentiles,
which Nineveh represented, Christ Himself was signified both by the
forty and by the three days: by the forty, because He spent that
number of days with His disciples after the resurrection, and then
ascended into heaven, but by the three days, because He rose on the
third day. So that, if the reader desires nothing else than to adhere
to the history of events, he may be aroused from his sleep by the
Septuagint interpreters, as well as the prophets, to search into the
depth of the prophecy, as if they had said, In the forty days seek
Him in whom thou mayest also find the three days,--the one thou wilt
find in His ascension, the other in His resurrection. Because that
which could be most suitably signified by both numbers, of which
one is used by Jonah the prophet, the other by the prophecy of the
Septuagint version, the one and selfsame Spirit hath spoken. I dread
prolixity, so that I must not demonstrate this by many instances in
which the seventy interpreters may be thought to differ from the
Hebrew, and yet, when well understood, are found to agree. For which
reason I also, according to my capacity, following the footsteps of
the apostles, who themselves have quoted prophetic testimonies from
both, that is, from the Hebrew and the Septuagint, have thought that
both should be used as authoritative, since both are one, and divine.
But let us now follow out as we can what remains.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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