The Coal Measures Amphibia of North AmericaMoodie, Roy Lee
Science
The Coal Measures Amphibia of North America
Moodie, Roy Lee
Amphibians, Fossil -- North America; Paleontology -- Carboniferous; Paleontology -- North America
The form of the skull of _Amphibamus grandiceps_ Cope is not unlike that
of _Tuditanus minimus_ Moodie (462) from the Linton, Ohio, beds, but
it is less acuminate than in that form. The large size of the orbits
is especially striking. The shape of the skull is triangular, with
concavities in the posterior table which correspond to the ear-slits so
characteristic of _Metoposaurus_ (242) from the Keuper of Germany. The
narrowed posterior table of the skull is truncate, as in several other
genera of Microsauria, notably _Tuditanus_ and _Saurerpeton_. In structure
the skull differs but little from many of the other Carboniferous forms,
but the arrangement of the elements of the skull is more regular than in
other genera.
The premaxillaries are very small elements in the anterior tip of the
skull. They border the nares. The skull is rather peculiar among the
Microsauria in the possession of a distinct lacrimal. I have detected
this element in the cranium of _Stegops divaricata_ Cope. As here defined
the lacrimal is triangular, with its posterior border formed exclusively
by the prefrontal. Its other relations are the normal ones. The nasal
is elongate, with the usual relations of that element. The frontal
is slightly longer and broader than the nasal. It apparently forms a
portion of the inner border of the orbit. The parietal foramen lies in
the anterior fourth of the parietal, a rather unusual position for this
structure. The parietals, as in so many of the Microsauria, together
form the largest element of the skull and are roughly a triangular area
in the postero-median portion of the skull. The postparietal and the
tabulare are clearly distinguishable and they have the usual relations
for those elements. The maxillary, jugal, and quadratojugal together form
the greater part of the maxillary border. The postero-lateral angle of
the skull is, as visual, formed by the squamosal. The orbit is bounded
posteriorly by the postorbital and the postfrontal, which include in the
angle between them the quadrangular squamosal. The orbit is especially
remarkable for its size as compared with the dimensions of the skull,
being without a parallel among other known Microsauria. Around the border
of the orbit in the specimen Cope studied (105) there were found 14
quadrangular plates which he called "superciliary plates." Hay (316) was
inclined to regard them as sclerotic plates. In the Yale Museum specimen
(plate 4, figs. 5, 6) there are 20 of these plates, and there seems to be
no doubt that they are sclerotic elements. In the restoration (fig. 26) 29
sclerotic plates are given, but there is no assurance that this number is
the exact one. They may also have been slightly larger, but not as large
as in Branchiosaurus.
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