The Coal Measures Amphibia of North AmericaMoodie, Roy Lee
Science
The Coal Measures Amphibia of North America
Moodie, Roy Lee
Amphibians, Fossil -- North America; Paleontology -- Carboniferous; Paleontology -- North America
The number of centra between the sacral vertebra and the skull is 20 as
they are preserved, but there may have been one more, the atlas. Fritsch
has represented 21 in his restoration of _Branchiosaurus salamandroides_,
and this is a further indication of an affinity between the two genera,
although Credner has represented 26 presacral vertebra; in _Branchiosaurus
amblystomus_. The presacral vertebræ are thus seen to vary within narrow
limits, but the number of presacrals is near 20, and this may be taken
as typical. It is interesting to notice that in modern forms of the
salamanders the presacral vertebræ number about 20. There is but a single
sacral centrum in _Micrerpeton_. The sacral rib has not been detected, but
it is restored after the condition found in _Branchiosaurus_. The right
femur partially covers the sacral vertebra, and its structure can not be
determined. I count impressions of 17 caudal centra, of which at least
12 may have been partially ossified. In the cervical region there are
distinct impressions of transverse processes on at least 5 vertebræ, and
this number is assigned to the neck, although it is by no means certain
that this is the correct number. The neck was at least short, if we may
judge from the position of the remains of the pectoral girdle. No cervical
ribs are definitely determined. There is a short rib lying between the
fifth and sixth vertebræ, but to which it belongs is uncertain.
There are impressions of 10 ribs preserved on one side of the vertebral
column and one on the other side. They are short, straight, and heavy,
as are the same elements in _Branchiosaurus_. This character alone is
sufficient to place _Micrerpeton_ among the Branchiosauria, since no
such ribs are known in other groups of the extinct amphibians. The ribs
preserved lie next the seventh to the seventeenth vertebræ on the left
side, and there is one on the right side which may belong to either the
fifth or sixth vertebra. They are central in their attachment, and in this
they agree well with the mode of rib attachment in the modern salamanders.
All of the ribs are single-headed and are composed, for the most part,
of perichondral tissue. The position of the ribs in the matrix inclined
backwards, and, making a small angle with the vertebral column, is very
suggestive of the condition in _Branchiosaurus_.
The pectoral girdle is represented by three distinct elements of the left
side, which are identified as scapula, clavicle, and coracoid, following
the nomenclature given by Woodward (631), although Credner (186) would
name them otherwise. The scapula is represented by an ovoid fragment
lying next to the vertebral column. The clavicle was probably spatulate,
as in _Melanerpeton_, but the inner end of the element is not visible.
The coracoid is represented by its outer end only, and its inner pointed
extremity is not visible. The interclavicle has not been detected.
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