Billon as well as pure copper coins of the later years of the reign
bear the names of the two Khalifs. About twelve types[55] of copper
money were minted, most of them small and without special interest.
Between the years A.H. 730-732 (1329-1332) the Sultan attempted to
substitute brass and copper tokens (Pl. VIII, 9) for the silver and
billon coinage. In order to secure the success of this experiment, he
caused such appeals as the following to be inscribed on them: “_He who
obeys the Sultan obeys the Compassionate_”; and it is significant that
one of these tokens bears an inscription in Nāgarī, the sole example of
the use of this script by the orthodox Sultan. These coins were struck
at seven different mints, including Dhār in Mālwā, but the scheme was
doomed because of the ease with which forgeries were fabricated; they
were made in thousands; the promulgation of the edict which accompanied
the issue “turned the house of every Hindu into a mint,” says a
contemporary historian. The Sultan thereupon withdrew the issue, and
redeemed genuine and false alike at his own cost.
[55] Excluding the Forced Currency types.
III. THE COINAGE OF DEHLĪ, FROM 1351 to 1526
(A.H. 752-932)
It has been suggested by historians that the disastrous consequences
of Muḥammad bin Tug̱ẖlaq’s experiment with the currency were in
part responsible for the disintegration of his wide empire. This is
improbable. His successor, Fīroz Shāh Tug̱ẖlaq, undoubtedly inherited
a full treasury, as the vast constructional works he undertook during
the thirty-seven peaceful years of his reign prove. But he was no
soldier; and the governors of the wealthy Deccan province probably
experienced little interference from the distant Court at Dehlī.
Daulatābād was an almost impregnable fort, and, doubtless, well stored
with munitions. Consequently truculent Viceroys had the sinews of
rebellion ready to their hand. The temptation was too great to be
resisted. Other governors followed the lead given in the Deccan; the
finest provinces rapidly fell away during the disturbed rule of Fīroz’s
successors and became independent kingdoms; so that in a few years
the dominions of the Dehlī kings were reduced to little more than the
district round the city.
Their discomfiture was completed when, in 1398, the plundering hosts
of Tīmūr swept down through Hindustān and occupied the capital. Under
these conditions the coinage naturally degenerated.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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