The coinage, chiefly of silver and copper, at its commencement followed the Dehlī style, but soon developed a characteristic fabric of its own, though the late Dehlī copper type, with the Sultan’s name in a square area, never entirely lost its influence in Gujarāt (Pl. IX, 6, 7). The standard seems, however, always to have been a local one, based on the weight of the Gujarātī rati of 1·85 grains. Gold pieces, except those of Maḥmūd III (1553-61; Pl. IX, 6), are rare. Maḥmūd I also employed billon, and his coins are the finest of the series. His silver coins, on which the legends are enclosed in hexagons, scolloped circles and other figures, are very ornate. The inscriptions are for the most part simple; on the obverse appear various titles and formulæ, on the reverse the king’s name, sometimes accompanied by his _laqab_ (kingly title). The earliest Persian couplet to appear on an Indian coin is found on one of Maḥmūd II, dated A.H. 850. It runs as follows: _So long as the sphere of the seat of the mint,_ _the orb of the sun and moon remains,_ _May the coin of Maḥmūd Shāh the Sultan,_ _the aid of the Faith, remain._ Perhaps the most interesting of the Gujarāt series are the so-called “pedigree coins,” each struck probably for some special occasion, on which the striker traces his descent back to the founder of the dynasty. Only four silver coins of this class have been recorded, two of Aḥmad I, one dated A.H. 828 and the earliest known Gujarāt coin, one of Maḥmūd I, and one of Bahādur Shāh. Although the majority of coins were probably struck at Aḥmadābād, the name actually occurs only on the copper of Muz̤affar III of the years A.H. 977 and 978. _Aḥmadnagar_, accompanied by an uncertain epithet, is inscribed on the copper of Aḥmad I from A.H. 829 onwards. _Shahr-i-a’z̤am_ (“_the very great city_”) _Muṣt̤afaʾābād_ appears on silver and copper, and _Shahr-i-mukarram_ (“_the illustrious city_”) _Muḥammadābād_ on all the finest silver pieces of Maḥmūd I. Muz̤affar III granted permission to the Jām of Navānagar to coin “korīs” (_i.e._ copper pieces), provided that they should bear the king’s name. Such korīs, bearing debased Gujarāt legends, were also coined for several centuries by the chiefs of Jūnagaḍh and Purbandar. [Illustration: Fig. 9. Mint marks on Mug̱ẖal coins.] IX COINS OF THE SŪRĪS AND THE MUG̱H̱ALS