Few of Shāh Jahān’s coins (A.H. 1037-1068) are of any artistic merit.
The earliest form of his gold and silver has the Kalima and mint name
on the obverse, and the emperor’s name and titles on the reverse
(Pl. XI, 7). From the second to the fifth year solar months[66] were
inscribed. From the fifth year to the end of the reign, except at the
Tatta mint, where the earlier style was retained, Shāh Jahān employed
a type, endless in its varieties, in which squares, circles, lozenges
form borders enclosing the Kalima on the obverse and the king’s name
on the reverse, while the names of the companions and their epithets
are restored and appear in the obverse margins. The square border form
of this type was also employed by Aurangzeb’s rivals, Murād Baḵẖ̱sh
and Shāh Shujā’ (Pl. XI, 10); and Aurangzeb uses square areas to
contain the inscriptions on his earlier rupees of Akbarābād (Āgra) and
Jūnagarh, and for a few coins of three other mints.
[66] Jahāngīr used a solar era of his own, starting from the date of
his accession. The years on Shāh Jahān’s coins are lunar. Cf. Hodivala,
_loc-cit._
The coins of Aurangzeb (A.H. 1068-1119) and his successors are, with a
very few exceptions, monotonous in the extreme. On the obverse there is
either a couplet containing the king’s name, or this inscription: “_The
blessed coin of ..._,” followed by the name of the particular king. On
the reverse appears, with very occasional variations, the following:
“_Struck at_ (the mint name), _in the year_ (the regnal year) _of the
accession associated with prosperity_.” The Hijrī date is placed on
the obverse (Pl. XI, 9). Pretentious personal titles are of infrequent
occurrence on Mug̱ẖal coins. Nevertheless the pretenders, Murād
Baḵẖ̱sh and Shāh Shujā’, style themselves “The Second Alexander.”
Shāh Jahān I, in imitation of his ancestor Tīmūr, who adopted the
title “_Lord of the fortunate conjunction_” (_i.e._ of the planets),
called himself “_The Second Lord of the fortunate conjunction_”
(_Ṣāḥib-i-qirān s̤āni_), and eight later emperors followed his example.
Jahāngīr used his princely name, Salīm, on his earliest coins from the
Aḥmadābād mint (Pl. XI, 6) and on a half rupee of Kābul. On a unique
rupee of Lāhor of Shāh Jahān I’s first year occurs the name Ḵẖ̱urram,
while Shāh ’Ālam Bahādur placed his pre-regnal name, Mu’az̤z̤am, on
coins of his first year of Tatta and Murshidābād.
Coins of special interest and rarity are those struck by pretenders,
particularly the rupees of Dāwar Baḵẖ̱sh of Lāhor, A.H. 1037; the
coins of Shāh Shujā’, 1068, of Bīdār Baḵẖ̱t, 1202-1203; and the rupee
of Jahāngīrnagar, struck by ’Az̤īmu-sh-shān in 1124. Commemorative
coins of the later emperors are exceedingly scarce, but the entry of
Lord Lake into Dehlī, in 1803, was marked on Shāh ’Ālam II’s gold and
silver coinage of the forty-seventh year by enclosing the obverse and
reverse inscriptions within a wreath of roses, shamrocks and thistles
(Pl. XII, 1).
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