The collected works of William Hazlitt, Vol. 11 (of 12)Hazlitt, William
Philosophy
The collected works of William Hazlitt, Vol. 11 (of 12)
Hazlitt, William
English essays -- 19th century
This answer does not appear to me satisfactory. It amounts to this, that
though the diagram we have in view includes a number of particular
circumstances, not applicable to other cases, yet we know the principle
to be true generally, because _there is not the least mention made of
these particulars in the proof of the proposition_.
When it is asserted that we must necessarily have the idea of a
particular size whenever we think of a man in general, all that is
intended I believe is that we must think of a particular height. This
idea it is supposed must be particular and determinate, just as we must
draw a line with a piece of chalk, or make a mark with the slider of a
measuring instrument in one place and not in another. I think it may be
shown that this view of the question is also extremely fallacious and an
inversion of the order of our ideas. The height of the individual is
thus resolved into the consideration of the lines terminating or
defining it, and the intermediate space of which it properly consists is
entirely overlooked. For let us take any given height of a man, whether
tall, short, or middle-sized, and let that height be as visible as you
please, I would ask whether the actual length to which it amounts does
not consist of a number of other lengths, as if it be a tall man, the
length will be six feet, and each of these feet will consist of as many
inches, and those inches will be again made up of decimals, and those
decimals of other subordinate and infinitesimal parts, which must be all
distinctly perceived and added together before the sum total which they
compose can be pretended to be a distinct, particular, or individual
idea. In any given visible object we have always a gross, general idea
of something extended, and never of the precise length; for this precise
length as it is thought to be is necessarily composed of a number of
lengths too many, and too minute to be separately attended to or jointly
conceived by the mind, and at last loses itself in the infinite
divisibility of matter. What sort of distinctness or individuality can
therefore be found in any visible image or object of sense, I cannot
well conceive: it seems to me like seeking for certainty in the dancing
of insects in the evening sun, or for fixedness and rest in the motions
of the sea. All particulars are nothing but generals, more or less
defined according to circumstances, but never perfectly so. The
knowledge of any finite being rests in generals, and if we think to
exclude all generality from our ideas of things, as implying a want of
perfect truth and clearness, we must be constrained to remain in utter
ignorance. Let any one try the experiment of counting a flock of sheep
driven fast by him, and he will soon find his imagination unable to keep
pace with the rapid succession of objects; and his idea of a particular
number slide into the general notion of multitude: not that because
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