[Illustration: FIG. 204.--CUP AND SAUCER.] [Illustration: FIG. 205.--MILK-POT. _Mark, S. X._] ARRAS. Established in 1782 by the Demoiselles Deleneur, under the patronage of M. de Calonne, Intendant de Flandre et de l'Artois; it only lasted a few years. [Illustration: FIG. 206.--SEAU. _Mark, A. R._] BOULOGNE-SUR-MER. Established by M. Haffringue, in the 19th century, with the kaolin of Limoges. [Illustration: FIG. 207.--PLAQUE. _White biscuit._] [Illustration: FIG. 208.--SUCRIER. _White biscuit._] ÉTIOLLES (Seine-et-Oise), near Corbeil. Established in 1768, by Monnier, for soft paste porcelain. The works lasted only a short time. [Illustration: FIG. 209.--CUP AND SAUCER. _Mark, E. Pellevé_, 1770. Diameter 2-1/2 and 5 in.] LILLE. Established in 1711 by Barthélemy Dorez and Pierre Pelissier, his nephew, natives of Lille. The porcelain (_pâte tendre_) of this time was like that of St. Cloud, but in the Delft style, the favourite ornamentation being Chinese designs. At a later period (in 1784) a manufactory of hard porcelain was established by Leperre Durot, under the patronage of the Dauphin; it was styled "Manufacture Royale de Monseigneur le Dauphin." The porcelain of Leperre Durot is richly adorned with gold and with carefully painted bouquets of flowers. [Illustration: FIG. 210.--CUP AND SAUCER. _With mark, crowned Dolphin._] M. Roger succeeded Leperre Durot, and in 1792 he sold his interest in the works to Messieurs Regnault and Graindorge; they were, however, soon ruined, and the establishment was closed. BOURG-LA-REINE. Started in 1773 by Messieurs Jacques and Jullien, who removed thither on the expiration of their lease at Mennecy. It was in active existence, making china purely of an industrial character, in 1788. [Illustration: FIG. 211.--CUSTARD CUP. _Mark, B. R._ Height 3-1/4 in.] CLIGNANCOURT. Established in 1775 by Pierre Deruelle, under the patronage of Monsieur le Comte de Provence, brother of the king (afterwards Louis XVIII.). [Illustration: FIG. 212.--MILK-POT AND COVER. FIG. 213.--CUP AND DISH. FIG. 214.--MILK JUG.] LUNÉVILLE. A factory called "Manufacture Stanislas" was established in 1731. It lasted only a short time, but a later manufactory, founded about 1769, was celebrated for its productions. Paul Louis Cyfflé, sculptor, obtained, in 1768, letters patent for fifteen years, by virtue of which he established another manufactory for superior vessels of the material called _terre de Lorraine_, and in the following year a new privilege was granted for making groups and statuettes with his improved paste, under the name of _pâte de marbre_. ORLEANS. Established by M. Gerréault in 1753, under the protection of the Duc de Penthièvre; the porcelain first made here was of the soft paste, but hard paste was subsequently produced. Gerréault was succeeded by Bourdon _fils_ about 1788, Piédor, Dubois, and lastly, Le Brun, from 1808 to 1811.