Of the changes which have been brought about in the College since the days of Routh, of its transformation from a small society of Fellows and Demies into one of the larger among the Colleges in Oxford, it is hardly possible to speak as of history. They are changes of the present day. But it is a matter of history, which ought not to be forgotten, that the College, which has owed much to its Presidents in the past, owes much in this matter to its last President, who governed it during the trying times of two University Commissions, and of the changes which resulted from them. By his own example of the loyal acceptance of what was necessary, even when it was uncongenial to his tastes, and by the kindly sympathy which enabled him to reconcile conflicting interests, he did more to preserve the peace of his College, and to promote its progress, than he would himself have thought possible, or than those to whom he was less well known than to the members of his own College would have been inclined to imagine. XI. BRASENOSE COLLEGE. (_Aula Regia et Collegium de Brasenose, Collegium Aenei Nasi._) BY FALCONER MADAN, M.A., FELLOW OF BRASENOSE. I. THE KING’S HALL OF BRAZEN-NOSE. (_Aula Regia de Brasinnose._) Professor Holland has given a clear account[212] of the three stages through which a University passes, first as _scholae_, where there is “a more or less fortuitous gathering of teachers and students”; next as a _studium generale_, when the teachers become “a sort of guild of masters or doctors,” with control over the admission by a degree to their own body; and lastly as a _Universitas_, when the society “acquires a corporate existence,” with a well-defined constitution and privileges. The first and second of these stages were attained by Oxford in the twelfth century, and the third early in the thirteenth century. It is early in this latter century that we also find the earliest associations of students among themselves. The system of Halls was due to the desire of the poorer class of students to live for economy’s sake in a common house with common meals, under the charge of a Principal whose duty was quite as much to manage household affairs as to superintend the studies of his scholars.[213]