Cambridge, Mass., founded, 127; fortifications at, 128; meeting of General Court, 135, 136; establishment of Harvard College, 130, 158, 188; emigration to Connecticut, 140; the "bishop's palace," 189. Cambridge platform adopted, 162. Canada. _See_ New France. Cape Breton island, discovered by Cabot, 25; in early struggles between French and English, 252; fall of Louisburg, 243; in King William's War, 253; in King George's War, 255. Cape Cod, Champlain's visit, 36; named by Gosnold, 41; arrival of Pilgrims, 117, 118; Indian missionary efforts, 170; character of, 179. Caribs, the, 8, 9, 236, 239. Carolina, named after Charles IX., 33; causes of failure of early colonies, 41-43; French expelled by Spaniards, 48; early settlers, 87-89; under the lords proprietors, 89-92; division of the colonies, 92; reunited, 94; Barbadians in, 236, 237; geography, 96, 97; population, 97; character of colonists, 97; agriculture, 102; commerce, 104. _See_ North Carolina and South Carolina. Carteret, Sir George, obtains grant of New Jersey, 205, 211, 212. --, Philip, governor of New Jersey, 211. Cartier, Jacques, explores St. Lawrence River, 32, 246. Catholics, in England, 115; in Virginia, 76; in Maryland, 77, 81-87, 108; in the Carolinas, 95; in Pennsylvania, 108, 230; in New Jersey, 214; in Georgia, 260; policy of the church in New France, 49, 50, 246, 247, 251, 252. Cayuga Indians, 10, 11. Champlain, Samuel de, early explorations, 26, 35; founds Quebec, 36, 246; fights the Iroquois, 196; on Lake Huron, 246, 247; as governor of New France, 251, 252; death, 248. Charles I., king of England, interest in Virginia, 75; interest in Maryland, 82, 84; interest in Carolina, 88; attitude towards the Puritans, 125, 127; annuls Massachusetts charter, 131; grants Windward Islands to Carlisle, 237; execution, 76. Charles II., king of England, reception of Berkeley, 79; proclaimed in Massachusetts, 159; attitude towards Quakers, 166; displeased with New Englanders, 166-168, 174; treatment of Connecticut and Rhode Island, 168, 169; claims New Netherlands, 202, 203; interest in New Jersey, 212; charter to Penn, 215; charters Hudson's Bay Company, 243; attitude towards New France, 252; death, 175. Charleston, S.C., founded, 92, 93, 98; churchmen in, 109; characteristics, 228; arrival of Scotch, 269; attacked by French, 278. Charlestown, Mass., founded, 122, 127; fortified, 131; hanging of a witch, 190.