Commerce, early Norse, 22; of Europe with India, 23, 24, 27, 42; fur-trade of early European explorers, 26, 28, 35, 52, 53; French commercial companies, 35; of Spain, in West Indies, 38, 39; as a motive of colonization, 46; Spanish policy, 47; Portuguese policy, 48, 50; Dutch policy, 50, 51, 103-105; early English commercial companies, 55, 65, 68, 69; London company, 66-74; Plymouth company, 114; Massachusetts Bay Company, 125-127; economic effect on England, 65; intercolonial, 102-107, 130; colonial, with England, 103, 104, 130, 169; the Navigation Acts, 104-106. _See_ Fur-trade. Communal proprietorship, in Virginia, 68, 73; at Plymouth, 117, 120, 121. Congregationalists, origin of name, 162; organization, 189; in middle colonies, 230. Connecticut, founded, 136, 140-142; Pequod War, 136, 137; government, 142-144; early Dutch settlers, 136, 198, 199; conflicts between Dutch and English, 163, 202; New Haven founded and absorbed, 144-146, 168; characteristics of Connecticut and New Haven, 146; in the New England Confederation, 155, 156; river-toll levied, 164; treatment of Quakers, 166; Massachusetts absorbs more territory, 173; history of the charter, 168, 175, 177, 266, 267, 276, 277; litigation, 182, 183; iron mining, 184; agriculture, 186; colonization schemes on the Delaware, 208, 209; boundary disputes, 267, 268; represented in second colonial congress, 270; Fletcher's visit, 276, 277; population (1700) 180, (1754) 265. Cordilleran mountains. _See_ Rocky mountains. Cornbury, Lord, governor of New York and New Jersey, 274, 275. Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de, search for Cibola, 11, 29-31. Cortereal, Gaspar, explores American coast, 25, 241. Cortez, Hernando, conquest of Mexico, 8, 27-29. Council for New England. _See_ Plymouth Company. County, the, in England, 55; in the South, 56; in middle colonies, 57; in New York, 204; in Pennsylvania, 216. _Coureurs de bois_, their characteristics, 247, 249, 250; explorations of, 248, 253. Creek Indians, status, 11; relations with Georgians, 260, 261. Cromwell, Oliver, accepted in Virginia, 76, 78; in Maryland, 85; friendship for New England, 159; expedition against New Netherlands, 163, 164, 202; sends prisoners to Barbados, 236. Cuba, slavery in, 239; threatened by English, 262. Culpeper, Thomas, Lord, governor of Virginia, 78-80. Cumberland Gap, a highway for exploration, 4. Dakotah Indians, status, 11, 12 Danes, in Iceland, 21. Dare, Virginia, first English child born in the United States, 40. Davenport, John, heads New Haven colony, 144, 145.