England, attitude towards papal bull of partition, 24, 25; sends out Cabot, 25; fishing colony at Newfoundland, 26; early exploration and settlements in America, 36-44; becomes a great power, 48; reasons for final colonization of America, 65, 66; character of her colonists, 53-55; her colonial policy, 51-53; the institutions in which her colonists were trained, 53-58; Quaker repression, 165. Endicott, John, heads the Massachusetts colony, 125, 126. Eskimos, possible Asiatic origin of, 2, 3; status, 12. Exeter, N. H., founded, 152. Finns, in Delaware and Pennsylvania, 221. Fisheries at Newfoundland, 26, 36, 37, 49, 52, 241, 242; in Carolina, 93; in England, 104; in New England, 113, 114, 124, 130, 151, 184, 185. Five Nations. _See_ Iroquois. Fletcher, Benjamin, governor of New York, 206, 207, 210, 276. Florida, Spanish exploration of, 27, 28, 30, 31; Spanish occupation, 31, 32, 43, 88, 93; French occupation, 33, 34, 44, 49, 88; French expelled by Spanish, 48; Oglethorpe's expedition, 262, 278. Fort Casimir, Del., 209. Fort Christina, 208, 215. _See_ Wilmington, Del. Fort Nassau, site of Albany, 197. --, on the Delaware, 197, 201, 207, 208. Fort Orange. _See_ Albany. Franklin, Benjamin, plan for colonial union, 271. Frederica, Ga., founded, 260; attacked by Spanish, 262. "Freeman," term defined, 62. French, the, colonies in Florida, 33, 34, 44, 49, 88; causes of failure of early colonies, 43, 44; early attempts to colonize Canada, 35, 36; fishing colony at Newfoundland, 26, 241, 242; Quebec founded, 36; France becomes a great power, 48, 52; colonial policy of 48-50; influence on English colonization in America, 57; opposition to English settlement, 47, 206, 207; in New Amsterdam, 201; in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 221; conflicts with English in West Indies, 236-239, 244; holds Acadia, 242, 243; troubles with Hudson's Bay Company, 244; rivalry of Georgian traders. 259, 261. French and Indian War, 221, 222, 274, 275, 284. Frobisher, Martin, efforts at American colonization, 37, 52; resists the Armada, 40. Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de, governor of New France, 251, 254. Fundamental constitutions, devised for Carolina, 90, 91, 93, 95.